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Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 7th Edition is the gold standard of heat transfer pedagogy for more than 30 years, with a commitment to continuous improvement by four authors having more than 150 years of combined experience in heat transfer education, research and practice. Using a rigorous and systematic problem-solving methodology pioneered by this text, it is abundantly filled with examples and problems that reveal the richness and beauty of the discipline. This edition maintains its foundation in the four central learning objectives for students and also makes heat and mass transfer more approachable with an additional emphasis on the fundamental concepts, as well as highlighting the relevance of those ideas with exciting applications to the most critical issues of today and the coming decades: energy and the environment. An updated version of Interactive Heat Transfer (IHT) software makes it even easier to efficiently and accurately solve problems.
Contents
Symbols xxi CHAPTER 1 Introduction 11.1 What and How? 21.2 Physical Origins and Rate Equations 31.3 Relationship to Thermodynamics 121.4 Units and Dimensions 361.5 Analysis of Heat Transfer Problems: Methodology 381.6 Relevance of Heat Transfer 411.7 Summary 45References 48Problems 49CHAPTER 2 Introduction to Conduction 672.1 The Conduction Rate Equation 682.2 The Thermal Properties of Matter 702.3 The Heat Diffusion Equation 822.4 Boundary and Initial Conditions 902.5 Summary 94References 95Problems 95CHAPTER 3 One-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction 1113.1 The Plane Wall 1123.2 An Alternative Conduction Analysis 1323.3 Radial Systems 1363.4 Summary of One-Dimensional Conduction Results 1423.5 Conduction with Thermal Energy Generation 1423.6 Heat Transfer from Extended Surfaces 1543.7 The Bioheat Equation 1783.8 Thermoelectric Power Generation 1823.9 Micro- and Nanoscale Conduction 1893.10 Summary 190References 193Problems 193CHAPTER 4 Two-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction 2294.1 Alternative Approaches 2304.2 The Method of Separation of Variables 2314.3 The Conduction Shape Factor and the Dimensionless Conduction Heat Rate 2354.4 Finite-Difference Equations 2414.5 Solving the Finite-Difference Equations 2504.6 Summary 256References 257Problems 257CHAPTER 5 Transient Conduction 2795.1 The Lumped Capacitance Method 2805.2 Validity of the Lumped Capacitance Method 2835.3 General Lumped Capacitance Analysis 2875.4 Spatial Effects 2985.5 The Plane Wall with Convection 2995.6 Radial Systems with Convection 3035.7 The Semi-Infinite Solid 3105.8 Objects with Constant Surface Temperatures or Surface Heat Fluxes 3175.9 Periodic Heating 3275.10 Finite-Difference Methods 3305.11 Summary 345References 346Problems 346CHAPTER 6 Introduction to Convection 3776.1 The Convection Boundary Layers 3786.2 Local and Average Convection Coefficients 3826.3 Laminar and Turbulent Flow 3896.4 The Boundary Layer Equations 3946.5 Boundary Layer Similarity: The Normalized Boundary Layer Equations 3986.6 Physical Interpretation of the Dimensionless Parameters 4076.7 Boundary Layer Analogies 4096.8 Summary 417References 418Problems 419CHAPTER 7 External Flow 4337.1 The Empirical Method 4357.2 The Flat Plate in Parallel Flow 4367.3 Methodology for a Convection Calculation 4477.4 The Cylinder in Cross Flow 4557.5 The Sphere 4657.6 Flow Across Banks of Tubes 4687.7 Impinging Jets 4777.8 Packed Beds 4827.9 Summary 483References 486Problems 486CHAPTER 8 Internal Flow 5178.1 Hydrodynamic Considerations 5188.2 Thermal Considerations 5238.3 The Energy Balance 5298.4 Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes: Thermal Analysis and Convection Correlations 5378.5 Convection Correlations: Turbulent Flow in Circular Tubes 5448.6 Convection Correlations: Noncircular Tubes and the Concentric Tube Annulus 5528.7 Heat Transfer Enhancement 5558.8 Flow in Small Channels 5588.9 Convection Mass Transfer 5638.10 Summary 565References 568Problems 569CHAPTER 9 Free Convection 5939.1 Physical Considerations 5949.2 The Governing Equations for Laminar Boundary Layers 5979.3 Similarity Considerations 5989.4 Laminar Free Convection on a Vertical Surface 5999.5 The Effects of Turbulence 6029.6 Empirical Correlations: External Free Convection Flows 6049.7 Free Convection Within Parallel Plate Channels 6189.8 Empirical Correlations: Enclosures 6219.9 Combined Free and Forced Convection 6279.10 Convection Mass Transfer 6289.11 Summary 629References 630Problems 631CHAPTER 10 Boiling and Condensation 65310.1 Dimensionless Parameters in Boiling and Condensation 65410.2 Boiling Modes 65510.3 Pool Boiling 65610.4 Pool Boiling Correlations 66010.5 Forced Convection Boiling 66910.6 Condensation: Physical Mechanisms 67310.7 Laminar Film Condensation on a Vertical Plate 67510.8 Turbulent Film Condensation 67910.9 Film Condensation on Radial Systems 68410.10 Condensation in Horizontal Tubes 68910.11 Dropwise Condensation 69010.12 Summary 691References 691Problems 693CHAPTER 11 Heat Exchangers 70511.1 Heat Exchanger Types 70611.2 The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient 70811.3 Heat Exchanger Analysis: Use of the Log Mean Temperature Difference 71111.4 Heat Exchanger Analysis: The Effectiveness?NTU Method 72211.5 Heat Exchanger Design and Performance Calculations 73011.6 Additional Considerations 73911.7 Summary 747References 748Problems 748CHAPTER 12 Radiation: Processes and Properties 76712.1 Fundamental Concepts 76812.2 Radiation Heat Fluxes 77112.3 Radiation Intensity 77312.4 Blackbody Radiation 78212.5 Emission from Real Surfaces 79212.6 Absorption, Reflection, and Transmission by Real Surfaces 80112.7 Kirchhoff?s Law 81012.8 The Gray Surface 81212.9 Environmental Radiation 81812.10 Summary 826References 830Problems 830CHAPTER 13 Radiation Exchange Between Surfaces 86113.1 The View Factor 86213.2 Blackbody Radiation Exchange 87213.3 Radiation Exchange Between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure 87613.4 Multimode Heat Transfer 89313.5 Implications of the Simplifying Assumptions 89613.6 Radiation Exchange with Participating Media 89613.7 Summary 901References 902Problems 903CHAPTER 14 Diffusion Mass Transfer 93314.1 Physical Origins and Rate Equations 93414.2 Mass Transfer in Nonstationary Media 93914.3 The Stationary Medium Approximation 94714.4 Conservation of Species for a Stationary Medium 94714.5 Boundary Conditions and Discontinuous Concentrations at Interfaces 95414.6 Mass Diffusion with Homogeneous Chemical Reactions 96214.7 Transient Diffusion 96514.8 Summary 971References 972Problems 972APPENDIX A Thermophysical Properties of Matter 981APPENDIX B Mathematical Relations and Functions 1013APPENDIX C Thermal Conditions Associated with Uniform EnergyGeneration in One-Dimensional, Steady-State Systems 1019APPENDIX D The Gauss?Seidel Method 1025APPENDIX E The Convection Transfer Equations 1027APPENDIX F Boundary Layer Equations for Turbulent Flow 1031APPENDIX G An Integral Laminar Boundary Layer Solution for Parallel Flow over a Flat Plate 1035Index 1039
