火災現象の基礎<br>Fundamentals of Fire Phenomena

個数:

火災現象の基礎
Fundamentals of Fire Phenomena

  • 在庫がございません。海外の書籍取次会社を通じて出版社等からお取り寄せいたします。
    通常6~9週間ほどで発送の見込みですが、商品によってはさらに時間がかかることもございます。
    重要ご説明事項
    1. 納期遅延や、ご入手不能となる場合がございます。
    2. 複数冊ご注文の場合は、ご注文数量が揃ってからまとめて発送いたします。
    3. 美品のご指定は承りかねます。

    ●3Dセキュア導入とクレジットカードによるお支払いについて
  • 【入荷遅延について】
    世界情勢の影響により、海外からお取り寄せとなる洋書・洋古書の入荷が、表示している標準的な納期よりも遅延する場合がございます。
    おそれいりますが、あらかじめご了承くださいますようお願い申し上げます。
  • ◆画像の表紙や帯等は実物とは異なる場合があります。
  • ◆ウェブストアでの洋書販売価格は、弊社店舗等での販売価格とは異なります。
    また、洋書販売価格は、ご注文確定時点での日本円価格となります。
    ご注文確定後に、同じ洋書の販売価格が変動しても、それは反映されません。
  • 製本 Hardcover:ハードカバー版/ページ数 439 p.
  • 言語 ENG
  • 商品コード 9780470091135
  • DDC分類 541.361

基本説明

Key features: Presents an integrated introduction to the phenomena of fire and establishes the theoretical basis of the subject; Adopts basic themochemistry and combustion principles to describe the different processes involved in a fire.

Full Description

Understanding fire dynamics and combustion is essential in fire safety engineering and in fire science curricula. Engineers and students involved in fire protection, safety and investigation need to know and predict how fire behaves to be able to implement adequate safety measures and hazard analyses. Fire phenomena encompass everything about the scientific principles behind fire behavior. Combining the principles of chemistry, physics, heat and mass transfer, and fluid dynamics necessary to understand the fundamentals of fire phenomena, this book integrates the subject into a clear discipline:

Covers thermochemistry including mixtures and chemical reactions;
Introduces combustion to the fire protection student;
Discusses premixed flames and spontaneous ignition;
Presents conservation laws for control volumes, including the effects of fire;
Describes the theoretical bases for empirical aspects of the subject of fire;
Analyses ignition of liquids and the importance of evaporation including heat and mass transfer;
Features the stages of fire in compartments, and the role of scale modeling in fire.

Fundamentals of Fire Phenomena is an invaluable reference tool for practising engineers in any aspect of safety or forensic analysis. Fire safety officers, safety practitioners and safety consultants will also find it an excellent resource. In addition, this is a must-have book for senior engineering students and postgraduates studying fire protection and fire aspects of combustion.

Contents

Preface xiii

Nomenclature xvii

1 Introduction to Fire 1

1.1 Fire in History 1

1.2 Fire and Science 2

1.3 Fire Safety and Research in the Twentieth Century 8

1.4 Outlook for the Future 10

1.5 Introduction to This Book 11

1.5.1 Thermodynamics 13

1.5.2 Fluid mechanics 14

1.5.3 Heat and mass transfer 15

1.5.4 Supportive references 16

References 17

Problems 17

2 Thermochemistry 19

2.1 Introduction 19

2.2 Chemical Reactions 20

2.3 Gas Mixture 23

2.4 Conservation Laws for Systems 25

2.4.1 Constant pressure reaction 27

2.4.2 Heat of combustion 28

2.4.3 Adiabatic flame temperature 29

2.5 Heat of Formation 30

2.6 Application of Mass and Energy Conservation in Chemical Reactions 31

2.7 Combustion Products in Fire 35

References 41

Problems 41

3 Conservation Laws for Control Volumes 49

3.1 Introduction 49

3.2 The Reynolds Transport Theorem 50

3.3 Relationship between a Control Volume and System Volume 53

3.4 Conservation of Mass 54

3.5 Conservation of Mass for a Reacting Species 56

3.6 Conservation of Momentum 59

3.7 Conservation of Energy for a Control Volume 61

Problems 70

4 Premixed Flames 77

4.1 Introduction 77

4.2 Reaction Rate 78

4.3 Autoignition 80

4.4 Piloted Ignition 85

4.5 Flame Speed, Su 88

4.5.1 Measurement techniques 89

4.5.2 Approximate theory 90

4.5.3 Fuel lean results 93

4.5.4 Heat loss effects and extinction 93

4.6 Quenching Diameter 95

4.7 Flammability Limits 98

4.8 Empirical Relationships for the Lower Flammability Limit 102

4.9 A Quantitative Analysis of Ignition, Propagation and Extinction 105

4.9.1 Autoignition calculations 105

4.9.2 Piloted ignition calculations 107

4.9.3 Flame propagation and extinction calculations 107

4.9.4 Quenching diameter calculations 108

References 109

Problems 110

5 Spontaneous Ignition 117

5.1 Introduction 117

5.2 Theory of Spontaneous Ignition 119

5.3 Experimental Methods 124

5.4 Time for Spontaneous Ignition 127

References 130

Problems 131

6 Ignition of Liquids 135

6.1 Introduction 135

6.2 Flashpoint 135

6.3 Dynamics of Evaporation 137

6.4 Clausius-Clapeyron Equation 141

6.5 Evaporation Rates 146

References 154

Problems 154

7 Ignition of Solids 159

7.1 Introduction 159

7.2 Estimate of Ignition Time Components 161

7.2.1 Chemical time 161

7.2.2 Mixing time 162

7.2.3 Pyrolysis 163

7.3 Pure Conduction Model for Ignition 164

7.4 Heat Flux in Fire 166

7.4.1 Typical heat flux levels 166

7.4.2 Radiation properties of surfaces in fire 167

7.4.3 Convective heating in fire 167

7.4.4 Flame radiation 169

7.4.5 Heat flux measurements 170

7.4.6 Heat flux boundary conditions 170

7.5 Ignition in Thermally Thin Solids 171

7.5.1 Criterion for thermally thin 171

7.5.2 Thin theory 172

7.5.3 Measurements for thin materials 174

7.6 Ignition of a Thermally Thick Solid 176

7.6.1 Thick theory 176

7.6.2 Measurements for thick materials 180

7.6.3 Autoignition and surface ignition 182

7.7 Ignition Properties of Common Materials 184

References 188

Problems 188

8 Fire Spread on Surfaces and Through Solid Media 191

8.1 Introduction 191

8.2 Surface Flame Spread - The Thermally Thin Case 194

8.3 Transient Effects 198

8.4 Surface Flame Spread for a Thermally Thick Solid 200

8.5 Experimental Considerations for Solid Surface Spread 202

8.5.1 Opposed flow 202

8.5.2 Wind-aided 207

8.6 Some Fundamental Results for Surface Spread 210

8.7 Examples of Other Flame Spread Conditions 213

8.7.1 Orientation effects 213

8.7.2 Porous media 215

8.7.3 Liquid flame spread 216

8.7.4 Fire spread through a dwelling 217

References 219

Problems 220

9 Burning Rate 227

9.1 Introduction 227

9.2 Diffusive Burning of Liquid Fuels 233

9.2.1 Stagnant layer 233

9.2.2 Stagnant layer solution 237

9.2.3 Burning rate - an eigenvalue 241

9.3 Diffusion Flame Variables 243

9.3.1 Concentrations and mixture fractions 243

9.3.2 Flame temperature and location 246

9.4 Convective Burning for Specific Flow Conditions 248

9.5 Radiation Effects on Burning 255

9.6 Property Values for Burning Rate Calculations 259

9.7 Suppression and Extinction of Burning 261

9.7.1 Chemical and physical factors 261

9.7.2 Suppression by water and diluents 262

9.8 The Burning Rate of Complex Materials 267

9.9 Control Volume Alternative to the Theory of Diffusive Burning 269

9.9.1 Condensed phase 271

9.9.2 Gas phase 274

9.10 General Considerations for Extinction Based on Kinetics 277

9.10.1 A demonstration of the similarity of extinction in premixed and diffusion flames 279

9.11 Applications to Extinction for Diffusive Burning 281

References 285

Problems 286

10 Fire Plumes 297

10.1 Introduction 297

10.2 Buoyant Plumes 302

10.2.1 Governing equations 302

10.2.2 Plume characteristic scales 306

10.2.3 Solutions 308

10.3 Combusting Plumes 311

10.4 Finite Real Fire Effects 313

10.4.1 Turbulent axial flame temperatures 313

10.4.2 Plume temperatures 317

10.4.3 Entrainment rate 319

10.4.4 Flame height 322

10.4.5 Jet flames 323

10.4.6 Flame heights for other geometries 325

10.5 Transient Aspects of Fire Plumes 326

10.5.1 Starting plume 327

10.5.2 Fireball or thermal 328

References 332

Problems 334

11 Compartment Fires 339

11.1 Introduction 339

11.1.1 Scope 340

11.1.2 Phases of fires in enclosures 340

11.2 Fluid Dynamics 342

11.2.1 General flow pattern 342

11.2.2 Vent flows 343

11.3 Heat Transfer 347

11.3.1 Convection 348

11.3.2 Conduction 348

11.3.3 Radiation 349

11.3.4 Overall wall heat transfer 351

11.3.5 Radiation loss from the vent 351

11.4 Fuel Behavior 352

11.4.1 Thermal effects 352

11.4.2 Ventilation effects 353

11.4.3 Energy release rate (firepower) 354

11.5 Zone Modeling and Conservation Equations 355

11.5.1 Conservation relationships 356

11.5.2 Dimensionless factors in a solution 357

11.6 Correlations 358

11.6.1 Developing fires 358

11.6.2 Fully developed fires 360

11.7 Semenov Diagrams, Flashover and Instabilities 365

11.7.1 Fixed area fire 366

11.7.2 Second item ignition 366

11.7.3 Spreading fires 368

References 369

Problems 370

12 Scaling and Dimensionless Groups 377

12.1 Introduction 377

12.2 Approaches for Establishing Dimensionless Groups 378

12.2.1 Buckingham pi method 379

12.2.2 Partial differential equation (PDE) method 379

12.2.3 Dimensional analysis 380

12.3 Dimensionless Groups from the Conservation Equations 380

12.3.1 Conservation of mass 381

12.3.2 Conservation of momentum 381

12.3.3 Energy equation 382

12.3.4 Heat losses 384

12.3.5 Mass flows 385

12.3.6 Liquid droplets 386

12.3.7 Chemical species 388

12.3.8 Heat flux and inconsistencies 389

12.3.9 Summary 392

12.4 Examples of Specific Correlations 394

12.4.1 Plume interactions with a ceiling 395

12.4.2 Smoke filling in a leaky compartment 396

12.4.3 Burning rate 397

12.4.4 Compartment fire temperature 398

12.4.5 Effect of water sprays on fire 400

12.5 Scale Modeling 401

12.5.1 Froude modeling 402

12.5.2 Analog scaling methods 403

References 407

Appendix 409

Flammability Properties 409

Archibald Tewarson 409

Index 435

最近チェックした商品