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Full Description
Membrane-Based Salinity Gradient Processes for Water Treatment and Power Generation focuses on the various types of membrane- based salinity gradient processes that can be applied for desalination. Topics cover salinity gradient processes for desalination, such as Forward Osmosis (FO) and Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO), with chapters selected exclusively from a number of world-leading experts in various disciplines and from different continents. Sections include discussions on the theoretical and fundamental approaches to salinity gradient processes, various types of membrane materials and development, i.e., flat sheet and hollow fiber, various salinity water sources for an economically feasible process, and large-scale applications.
Finally, the book focuses on economically feasible process optimization when both operational and capital costs are considered.
Contents
Section 1: Fundamentals of Salinity Gradient Processes
1. Water Flux
2. Reverse Salt Flux
3. Internal and External Concentration Polarization
4. Thermodynamics
5. Draw Solute Selection
Section 2: Membranes
6. Flat Sheet Membranes
7. Hollow Fiber Membranes
8. Determining Structural Parameter (S)
9. Membrane Modules for Large Scale Applications
Section 3: Process Optimization
10. Direct Desalination with Forward Osmosis
11. Indirect Desalination with Forward Osmosis
12. Low Salinity Pressure Retarded Osmosis
13. High Salinity Pressure Retarded Osmosis
14. Ultra-High Salinity Pressure Retarded Osmosis
Section 4: Case Studies
15. Oasys - Brine Concentrator (Forward Osmosis)
16. Statcraft - Low Salinity Pressure Retarded Osmosis
17. Megaton - High Salinity Pressure Retarded Osmosis
18. GMVP - High Salinity Pressure Retarded Osmosis
