Full Description
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Newer Drugs and Biomarkers, Second Edition is an updated reference on TDM analytical techniques in diverse clinical settings. This new edition reviews exciting new developments in the area, including seven new chapters covering immunoassay design and applications, combined chromatographic techniques in therapeutic monitoring, drug monitoring in alternative specimens, pharmacogenomics of anticancer drugs, pharmacogenomics testing for patient management, selected antifungal agents, pharmacodynamic monitoring, and therapeutic drug monitoring of selected anticoagulants. All remaining chapters in the first edition were thoroughly revised and updated.
This book is the ideal reference for clinical pathologists, pharmacologists, and toxicologists involved with TDM. Scientists working in diagnostic companies, developing reagents for monitoring therapeutic drugs will also find relevant information in this book.
Contents
Contents
Contributors
Preface
1. Introduction to therapeutic drug monitoring: Frequently and less frequently monitored drugs
Amitava Dasgupta
1. Introduction
2. Drugs that require therapeutic drug monitoring
3. Benefits of therapeutic drug monitoring
4. Pathophysiological conditions and other factors that affect drug concentrations
5. Therapeutic drug monitoring of various drug class
6. Conclusions
References
2. Effects of preanalytical variables in therapeutic drug monitoring
Janetta Bryksin and Heather Stieglitz
1. Introduction
2. Lab-related variables
3. Patient-specific variables
4. Conclusions
References
Further reading
3. Analytical techniques used in therapeutic drug monitoring
Michael C. Milone
1. Introduction
2. A general classification of analytical methods
3. Understanding and minimizing measurement uncertainty in the clinical laboratory
4. Immunoassays
5. Gas and liquid chromatography
6. Mass spectrometry and LC-MS/MS application to TDM
7. Conclusions
References
4. Therapeutic drug monitoring using alternative specimens: Saliva and dried blood spot
Kenichi Tamama
1. Introduction
2. Free drug hypothesis
3. Remote sampling for TDM
4. Oral fluid (saliva)
5. Saliva for TDM
6. Saliva collection
7. Factors affecting the distribution of the analytes in DBS
8. DBS with the precise volume deposition
9. Dried plasma spot
10. DBS for TDM
11. Specimen collection for DBS (and VAMS)
12. Laboratory analysis of saliva and dried blood spot
13. Conclusions
References
5. Clinical utility of free-drug monitoring
Florin Marcel Musteata
1. Introduction
2. Free concentrations versus total concentrations
3. Applications and methods for monitoring free drug concentrations
4. Alternative methods
5. Conclusions
References
6. Therapeutic drug monitoring of classical and newer anticonvulsants
Matthew Luke
1. Introduction
2. Pathophysiology of epilepsy
3. Antiepileptic drug monitoring
4. Indications for measuring a drug level
5. Therapeutic drug monitoring of classical AEDs
6. Newer anticonvulsants
7. Therapeutic monitoring of brivaracetam
8. Therapeutic monitoring of cannabidiol
9. Therapeutic monitoring of cenobamate
10. Therapeutic monitoring of clobazam
11. Therapeutic drug monitoring of eslicarbazepine acetate
12. Therapeutic drug monitoring of felbamate
13. Monitoring of fenfluramine
14. Monitoring of gabapentin
15. Therapeutic drug monitoring of lacosamide
16. Therapeutic drug monitoring of lamotrigine
17. Therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam
18. Therapeutic drug monitoring of oxcarbazepine
19. Therapeutic drug monitoring of perampanel
20. Therapeutic drug monitoring of pregabalin
21. Therapeutic drug monitoring of rufinamide
22. Therapeutic drug monitoring of stiripentol
23. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tiagabine
24. Therapeutic drug monitoring of topiramate
25. Therapeutic drug monitoring of vigabatrin
26. Therapeutic drug monitoring of zonisamide
27. Analytical methods for monitoring of AEDs
28. Conclusion
References
7. Challenges in therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin and other antiarrhythmic drugs
Amitava Dasgupta
1. Introduction
2. Challenges in therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin
3. Therapeutic drug monitoring of other antiarrhythmic drugs
4. Chromatographic methods for determining multiple antiarrhythmic drugs simultaneously
5. Conclusions
References
8. Guidelines for monitoring vancomycin, aminoglycosides, and other antibiotics
Amy L. Pyle-Eilola
1. Introduction
2. Vancomycin
3. Aminoglycosides
4. Therapeutic drug monitoring of beta-lactam antibiotics
5. Therapeutic drug monitoring sulfonamides and trimethoprim
6. Therapeutic drug monitoring of chloramphenicol and tetracycline
7. Therapeutic drug monitoring of quinolones
8. Therapeutic drug monitoring of macrolides
9. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antimycobacterial agents
10. Conclusions
References
9. Challenges in therapeutic drug monitoring of classical tricyclic and newer antidepressants: analytical and pharmacogenetics considerations
Uttam Garg and Angela Ferguson
1. Introduction
2. Tricyclic antidepressants
3. Newer antidepressants
4. Pharmacogenetic considerations in TDM of antidepressants
5. Conclusions
References
10. Antiretroviral drug therapeutic drug monitoring for the management of human immunodeficiency infection
Patrick D. DeArmond and Dustin R. Bunch
Abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Role of therapeutic drug monitoring
3. TDM instrumentation and matrices of antiretroviral drugs
4. TDM of antiretroviral drugs by classes
5. Challenges in practical application of TDM in managing patients with HIV
6. Conclusion
References
11. Therapeutic drug monitoring of selected antifungal agents
Matthew D. Krasowski
1. Introduction
2. Overview of therapeutic drug monitoring of antifungal drugs
3. Analytical methods to support TDM of antifungal drugs
4. Specific antifungal drugs
5. Conclusions
References
12. Therapeutic drug monitoring of selected direct oral anticoagulants
Emmanuel J. Favaloro and Robert C. Gosselin
1. Introduction
2. DOAC: Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, clinical indications, and dosing
3. DOAC measurementsdoverview
4. Conclusion
References
13. Drug testing in pain management
Bridgit O. Crews and Amadeo J. Pesce
1. Introduction
2. Utility and cost of drug testing in pain management
3. Substance abuse and addiction medicine
4. Drug testing approaches
5. Drug testing menu
6. Results reporting
7. Testing frequency
8. Specimen types and alternative specimens
9. Specimen collection and testing workflow
10. Analytical approaches
11. Specific analytes and interpretation
12. Stimulants
13. Novel psychoactive substances
14. Pharmacogenomics
15. Conclusions
References
Further reading
14. An introduction to personalized medicine
Joshua Bornhorst
1. Introduction
2. Overview of classical sequence variation profiling techniques
3. Recent molecular profiling technologies
4. Select example biomarkers in pharmacogenomics
5. Translational approaches associated with pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine
6. Conclusions
References
Further reading
15. Genomic technology advances and the promise for precision medicine
Jacopo Umberto Verga, Adam Lloyd, Arthur Sarron, and Gary Hardiman
1. Introduction
2. DNA microarrays
3. Sequencing technologies
4. Pharmacogenetic testing and healthcare
5. Systems medicine
6. Disease diagnosis
7. Drug discovery
8. Precision medicine
9. Challenges in machine learning for systems medicine
10. Conclusion
11. Future prospects
References
16. Pharmacogenomics and warfarin therapy
Jennifer Martin
1. Introduction
2. The potential of pharmacogenetics for warfarin
3. Pharmacology
4. Nongenetic factors affecting warfarin dosing
5. Clinical relevance
6. Cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics testing in warfarin therapy
7. Conclusion
References
17. Drug hypersensitivity linked to genetic variations of human leukocyte antigen
Debleena Guin and Ritushree Kukreti
1. Introduction
2. HLA: Molecular structure, genomic organization, polymorphism, and nomenclature
3. Repositories related to HLA alleles and associated ADRs
4. HLA alleles and their association with drug-induced ADRs
5. Steven Johns syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN)
6. Morbilliform drug eruption
7. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms DRESS
8. Drug-induced liver injury
9. Clinical recommendations for HLA genotyping
10. Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
18. Therapeutic drug monitoring of selected anticancer drugs: pharmacogenomics issues
Michael C. Milone
1. Introduction
2. Traditional therapeutic drug monitoring for anticancer drugs
3. Newer approaches to personalized dosing and treatment with anticancer agents: pharmacogenetics
4. Pharmacogenetic considerations for specific anti-cancer agents
5. Conclusions
References
19. Consequences of differences in bio-analytical assays for the precision monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs
Serge Cremers and Alex Lyashchenko
1. Introduction
2. Immunosuppressive drugs and their metabolites
3. Sample matrix
4. Various analytical techniques for measuring immunosuppressants
5. Stability
6. Proficiency testing and comparison studies
7. Interassay differencesdare they relevant?
8. Conclusions
References
20. Donor-derived cell-free DNA as a marker of graft injury after solid organ transplantation
Michael Oellerich, Klemens Budde, Kirsten Bornemann-Kolatzki, Karen Sherwood, Bilgin Osmanodja, Michael Melter, Julia Beck, Ekkehard Schütz, Paul Keown, and Philip D. Walson
1. Introduction
2. Causes of chronic allograft dysfunction
3. Need for biomarkers
4. Value of conventional TDM
5. Biomarkers for immune monitoring as supplement to TDM
6. Molecular methods: Biopsy and cellular approaches
7. Conclusions
References
21. Pharmacodynamic monitoring as an integral part of therapeutic drug monitoring
Loralie J. Langman and Paul J. Jannetto
1. Introduction
2. Drug concentrations
3. Pharmacodynamic monitoring
4. Physiological biomarkers
5. Laboratory biomarkers
6. Drug-specific and nonspecific PD biomarkers
7. Summary
References
22. Role of therapeutic drug monitoring to identify clinically significant drug-herbal supplement interaction
Sergei Likhodii, Alex C. Chin, and Leland B. Baskin
1. Introduction
2. Herbedrug interaction mechanisms
3. Impact of herb supplements and herbedrug interactions in clinical practice
4. Contamination of herbal supplements
5. Analytical interferences caused by some herbal supplements
6. Conclusions
References
Index
