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基本説明
Outlines a system that subdivides the Earth into a hierarchy of increasingly finer-scale ecosystems that can sever as a consistent framework for ecological analysis and management.
Full Description
and management is presently undergoing enormous change: away L from managing single resources to managing ecosystems. From f- est to tundra, to desert, to steppe, the world's ecosystems vary vastly. To manage them effectively we need to understand their geographic d- tribution better. We need to do this at various levels of detail because ecosystems exist at multiple scales in a hierarchy, from regional to local. Maps are needed to display ecosystem distribution and hierarchy. Until now, information on de?ning ecosystem boundaries has been scarce. This book is the ?rst to clarify and systematize the underlying principles for their mapping. It presents a synthesis of the knowledge in this ?eld and provides a guide to its use. I recommend this book to all who are involved in the study and m- agement of ecosystems. Chief, USDA Forest Service Jack Ward Thomas v Preface to the Second Edition his book outlines a system that organizes the Earth into a hierarchy T of increasingly ?ner-scale ecosystems that can serve as a consistent framework for ecological analysis and management. The system consists of a three-level hierarchy of nested ecosystem units and their associated mapping criteria. Delineation of units involves identifying the envir- mental factors controlling the spatial geography of ecosystems at va- ous levels and establishing boundaries where these factors change s- ni?cantly. Macroscale units (ecoregions) are climatically controlled and delineated as Köppen-Trewartha climate zones.
Contents
Scale of Ecosystem Units.- The Question of Boundary Criteria.- Role of Climate in Ecosystem Differentiation.- Macroscale: Macroclimatic Differentiation (Ecoregions).- Ecoclimatic Zones of the Earth.- Ecoregions of the United States.- Ecoregion Redistribution Under Climate Change.- Mesoscale: Landform Differentiation (Landscape Mosaics).- Microscale: Edaphic-Topoclimatic Differentiation (Sites).- Applications of Ecosystem Geography.- Summary and Conclusions.
