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基本説明
Provides more visual learners an effective way to study the basics of botany in a fun way; Realistic Drawings: Illustrations are drawn from live specimens and to the correct scale found in nature.
Full Description
Thisisadiscoverybookaboutplants. Itisforeveryone For those interested in the methods used and the interestedinplantsincludinghighschoolandcollege/ sourcesofplantmaterialsintheillustrations,anexp- university students, artists and scienti?c illustrators, nationfollows. Foradevelopmentalseriesofdrawings, senior citizens, wildlife biologists, ecologists, profes- there are several methods. One is collecting several sionalbiologists,horticulturistsandlandscapedesign- specimensatonetimeindifferentstagesofdevel- ers/architects,engineersandmedicalpractitioners,and ment;forexample,severalbudsand?owersofaplant physicaltherapistsandtheirpatients. Hereisanoppor- (see29)andbuttontomatureformsofmushrooms(see tunitytobrowseandchoosesubjectsofpersonalinter- 50,51). Then,somearecutopentoobservepartsand est,toseeandlearnaboutplantsastheyaredescribed. decidehowtopresentthem,whileothersaretousefor By adding color to the drawings, plant structures be- ?naldrawings. Anothermethodiswaitingfortheplantto come more apparent and show how they function in change,whichinvolves"forcing"stems(see14),ger- life. Thecolorcodecluestellhowtocolorforde?nition natingseeds(see40),watchingoneleafexpand(see andanillusionofdepth.
Formoreinformation,thetext 69),anddrawinga?owerinoneseasonanditsmature explains the illustrations. The size of the drawings in fruitinanother(see104,109,110,111). Analternative relation to the true size of the structures is indicated towaitingforfruitistouseacollectionofdryorfrozen by x1(thesamesize)to x3000(enlargementfrom specimens,sothatasspring?owersappear,thelater truesize)and xn/n(reductionfromtruesize). maturingfruitscanbeseenatthesametime(see102, 105,106). The contents re?ect a balanced selection of bota- calsubjectmatterwithemphasison?oweringplants, Inthe?rstsection,introductiontoplants,thereares- the dominant plants of the earth. After a page about eral sources for various types of drawings. Hypoth- plantnamesandterms,thebookisdividedintothree ical diagrams show cells, organelles, chromosomes, sections. The ?rst is an introduction to plants, show- the plant body indicating tissue systems and expe- ingstructureandfunction;then,majorgroups,provid- mentswithplants,and?owerplacentationandrep- inganoverviewofthediverseforms;andlastly,one- ductivestructures. Forexample,thereisnoaverageor seventhofthe?oweringplantfamilies,withtheaccent standard-looking ?ower; so, to clearly show the parts onthoseofeconomicimportance.
Thesequenceinthe ofa?ower(see27),adiagramshowsastretchedout sectionsissimpletocomplex(celltoseed),primitiveto and exaggerated version of a pink (Dianthus) ?ower advanced(blue-greensto?oweringplants),andunspe- (see 87). A basswood (Tilia) ?ower is the basis for cializedtospecialized(magnoliastoastersandwater- diagrams of ?ower types and ovary positions (see plantainstoorchids). Whereappropriate,an"ofinter- 28). Another source for drawings is the use of p- est"paragraphlistswaysthesegeneraarerelevantin paredmicroscopeslidesofactualplanttissues. Some ourlives(categoriesincludeuseasfood,ornamentals, are traced from microscope slide photographs such lumber,medicines,herbs,dyes,fertilizers;noticeofwild ascross-sections,vascularbundles,andtransections. or poisonous; and importance in the ecosystem).
Contents
to Plants.- Names and Terms.- Cell Structure.- Cell Organelles.- Cell Pigments.- Cell—Water Movement.- Cell Chromosomes.- Cell—Mitosis.- Cell Types.- Tissue Systems of the Plant Body.- Tissue—Epidermis.- Tissue—Primary Vascular System.- Root Types and Modifications.- Root Tissues.- Stem Structure.- Stem Tissues.- Stem Modifications.- Stem—Water Transport.- Stem—Food Transport.- Stem—Apical Dominance.- Stem—Growth Movements.- Leaf Types and Arrangement.- Leaf Tissues.- Leaf Modifications.- Leaf—Photosynthesis.- Leaf—Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms.- Flower Initiation in Response to Daylength.- Flower Structure.- Flower Structure Variations.- Flower Development.- Flower—Meiosis.- Flower—Pollen Development.- Flower—Ovule Development.- Flower Pollination by Insects.- Flower Pollination by Insects (continued).- Flower Pollination by Wind.- Flower Pollination by Birds and Bats.- Flower—Fertilization and Embryo Development.- Fruit—Dry Types.- Fruit—Fleshy Types, Compound.- Seed Structure and Germination.- Major Groups.- Major Groups; Geologic Time Scale.- Fossils.- Fossils (continued).- Blue-greens.- Slime Molds.- Water Molds, Downy Mildews, White Rusts; Chytrids and Allies.- Fungi.- Molds, Mildews, Morels (Sac Fungi).- Rusts, Smuts, Jelly Fungi (Club Fungi).- Gill Fungi.- Gill and Pore Fungi.- Pore, Coral and Toothed Fungi.- Puffballs, Stinkhorns, Bird's-nest Fungi.- Lichens.- Dinoflagellates.- Golden Algae, Yellow-green Algae, Diatoms.- Red Algae.- Green Algae.- Brown Algae.- Brown Algae (continued).- Brown Algae (continued).- Stoneworts.- Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses.- Whisk Ferns.- Clubmosses, Spikemosses, Quillworts.- Horsetails.- Ferns.- Common Ferns.- Fern Leaf Development.- Water Ferns.- Cycads.- Ginkgo.- Conifers.- Gnetes.- FloweringPlant Classification.- Major Land Plant Communities.- Flowering Plant Families.- Magnolia Family (Magnoliaceae).- Laurel Family (Lauraceae).- Water Lily Family (Nymphaeaceae).- Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae).- Witch Hazel Family (Hamamelidaceae).- Elm Family (Ulmaceae).- Beech Family (Fagaceae).- Birch Family (Betulaceae).- Cactus Family (Cactaceae).- Cactus Family (continued).- Pink Family (Caryophyllaceae).- Goosefoot Family (Chenopodiaceae).- Buckwheat Family (Polygonaceae).- Mallow Family (Malvaceae).- Pitcher-plant Family (Sarraceniaceae).- Violet Family (Violaceae).- Begonia Family (Begoniaceae).- Gourd Family (Cucurbitaceae).- Willow Family (Salicaceae).- Mustard Family (Brassicaceae).- Heath Family (Ericaceae).- Saxifrage Family (Saxifragaceae).- Rose Family (Rosaceae).- Pea Family (Fabaceae).- Dogwood Family (Cornaceae).- Staff-tree Family (Celastraceae).- Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae).- Grape Family (Vitaceae).- Maple Family (Aceraceae).- Cashew Family (Anacardiaceae).- Rue Family (Rutaceae).- Geranium Family (Geraniaceae).- Carrot Family (Apiaceae).- Milkweed Family (Asclepiadaceae).- Nightshade Family (Solanaceae).- Morning Glory Family (Convolvulaceae).- Mint Family (Lamiaceae).- Olive Family (Oleaceae).- Figwort Family (Scrophulariaceae).- Gesneria Family (Gesneriaceae).- Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae).- Teasel Family (Dipsacaceae).- Aster Family (Asteraceae).- Water-plantain Family (Alismataceae).- Spiderwort Family (Commelinaceae).- Sedge Family (Cyperaceae).- Grass Family (Poaceae).- Arrowroot Family (Marantaceae).- Palm Family (Arecaceae).- Palm Family (continued).- Arum Family (Araceae).- Lily Family (Liliaceae).- Iris Family (Iridaceae).- Orchid Family (Orchidaceae).
