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Full Description
In all, 1550 species of whiteflies have been identified. The rapid spread of Bemisia tabaci has occurred throughout the globe and it is regarded as the most notorious species. It is a complex species known to contain many biotypes namely, New World (Biotype -A), B-biotype MEAM1 (Biotype-B or Bemisia argentifolii, and MED (Biotype-Q) depending upon the geographical location. The complete information on the bio-ecology of important species along with the feeding mechanism has been presented in this book. The use of modern techniques of identification has added more biotypes considering the variations in host range, species of endosymbionts, virus transmission efficiency, and resistance to pesticides. The resistance and resurgence due to pesticides has been discussed in the monograph. The information on economic thresholds for judicious use of pesticides or release of natural enemies against whiteflies has been quoted in this compilation The pest control methods, namely chemical, cultural measures, biocontrol agents, resistant varieties, and mechanical devices have been elaborated on. Based on the availability of information the integrated model has been suggested to contain the whitefly menace under different situations. Considering the key factors responsible for the outbreak of whiteflies, a sound system of IPM has been formulated. The book also contains the use of semiochemicals and biotechnological tools likely to gain momentum in the future.
Contents
1. Introduction, Identification, and Feeding Mechanism 2. Bioecology and the Extent of Damage 3. Taxonomic Status, Biotypes, and Endosymbionts 4. Population Sampling and Economic Thresholds 5. Pesticides—Resistance and Resurgence 6. Host Plant Resistance 7. Natural Enemy Complex, Entomopathogenic Organisms, and Botanicals 8. Insect Behavior Alteration Approaches 9. Mechanical and Physical Measures 10. Cultural Measures 11. Non-Chemical Measures 12. Weather Parameters and Forecasting Models 13. Vector of Plant Viruses 14. Management Strategies
