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Communism in twentieth-century Europe is predominantly narrated as a totalitarian movement and/or regime. This book aims to go beyond this narrative and provide an alternative framework to describe the communist past. This reframing is possible thanks to the concepts of generation and gender, which are used in the book as analytical categories in an intersectional overlap. The publication covers twentieth-century Poland, Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic, the Soviet Union/Russia, former Yugoslavia, Turkish communities in West Germany, Italy, and Cuba (as a comparative point of reference). It provides a theoretical frame and overview chapters on several important gender and generation narratives about communism, anticommunism, and postcommunism. Its starting point is the belief that although methodological reflection on communism, as well as on generations and gender, is conducted extensively in contemporary research, the overlapping of these three terms is still rare. The main focus in the first part is on methodological issues. The second part features studies which depict the possibility of generational-gender interpretations of history. The third part is informed by biographical perspectives. The last part shows how the problem of generations and gender is staged via the medium of literature and how it can be narrated.
Contents
Introduction; Part I: The Logic of Gender and Generation(s): Theoretical Approaches; 1. Generational and Gendered Memory of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe: Methodological Perspectives and Political Challenges; 2. Acting and Memory, Hope and Guilt: The Bond of Generations in Arendt, Benjamin, Heine, and Freud; Part II: Generations and Gender in Historical Contexts: Comparative Case Studies; 3 Communism, Left Feminism, and Generations in the 1930s: The Case of Yugoslavia; 4. Communisms, Generations, and Waves: The Cases of Italy, Yugoslavia, and Cuba; 5. Generations of Italian Communist Women and the Making of a Women's Rights Agenda in the Cold War (1945-68): Historiography, Memory, and New Archival Evidence; 6. The Making of Turkish Migrant Left Feminism and Political Generations in the Ruhr, West Germany (1975-90); Part III: Women's Biographical Experiences and Communism; 7. "Old" Women and "Old" Revolution: The Role of Gender and Generation in Postwar Polish Communist Women's Political Biographies; 8. Biographical Experience and Knowledge Production: Women Sociologists and Gender Issues in Communist Poland; 9. Without Tradition and Without Female Generation? The Case of Czech Artist Ester Krumbachová; Part IV: Aesthetic Representations of Gendered Generations in Communism and Beyond; 10. Girls from the Polish Youth Union: (Dis)remembrance of the Generation; 11. "We're Easy to Spot": Soviet Generation(s) After Soviet Era and the Invention of the Self in Svetlana Alexievich's Secondhand Time: The Last of the Soviets; 12. Entering Gray Zones: Questions of Female Identity, Political Commitment, and Personal Choices in Jiřina Šiklová's Memoir of Life Under Socialism and Beyond; 13. Gender, Generational Conflict, and Communism: Tonia Lechtman's Story; Conclusion: From "Communism as Male Generational History" to a More Inclusive Narrative
