基本説明
Including a new section on recent cultural studies of punishment and a new chapter on restorative justice.
Full Description
* Why should offenders be punished - what should punishments be designed to achieve?
* Why has imprisonment become the normal punishment for crime in modern industrial societies?
* What is the relationship between theories of punishment and the actual penalties inflicted on offenders?
This revised and updated edition of a highly successful text provides a comprehensive account of the ideas and controversies that have arisen within law, philosophy, sociology and criminology about the punishment of criminals. Written in a clear, accessible style, it summarises major philosophical ideas - retribution, rehabilitation, incapacitation - and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. This new edition has been updated throughout including, for example, a new section on recent cultural studies of punishment and on the phenomenon of mass imprisonment that has emerged in the United States. This second edition includes a new chapter on restorative justice, which has developed considerably in theory and in practice since the publication of the first edition.
The sociological perspectives of Durkheim, the Marxists, Foucault and their contemporary followers are analysed and assessed. A section on the criminological perspective on punishment looks at the influence of theory on penal policy, and at the impact of penal ideologies on those on whom punishment is inflicted. The contributions of feminist theorists, and the challenges they pose to masculinist accounts of punishment, are included. The concluding chapter presents critiques of the very idea of punishment, and looks at contemporary proposals which could make society's response to crime less dependent on punishment than at present.
Understanding Justice has been designed for students from a range of disciplines and is suitable for a variety of crime-related courses in sociology, social policy, law and social work. It will also be useful to professionals in criminal justice agencies and to all those interested in understanding the issues behind public and political debates on punishment.
Table of Contents
Series editor's foreword viii
Acknowledgements x
Perspectives on punishment 1 (16)
Defining modern penology 1 (2)
The goals of punishment 3 (3)
Punishment and society: the social role 6 (4)
and characteristics of penal systems
Punishing effectively: the criminological 10 (2)
tradition
Transgressing crime and punishment: 12 (1)
abolition and deconstruction
Summary 13 (4)
Part one: The goals of punishment: the
juridical perspective
Utilitarian approaches 17 (21)
Introduction 17 (1)
Deterrence 18 (3)
Evaluating the deterrent effects of 21 (3)
punishment
Individual deterrence 24 (2)
Reform/rehabilitation 26 (2)
Criticisms of rehabilitative penalties 28 (3)
Prevention through incapacitation 31 (2)
Problems with prevention 33 (3)
Conclusion 36 (2)
Retribution 38 (18)
Introduction 38 (1)
Modern retributivism: the just-deserts 39 (4)
movement
Proportionality and seriousness 43 (3)
Retribution and the justification of 46 (6)
punishment
Deterrence and retribution in distribution 52 (2)
Summary and conclusion 54 (2)
Hybrids, compromises and syntheses 56 (19)
Introduction 56 (1)
Desert and deterrence: crime reduction 57 (5)
within limits
Desert and rehabilitation: reform with 62 (4)
rights
Targets and restraints: syntheses of 66 (7)
utilitarian and retributive theories
Conclusion 73 (2)
Restorative justice: diversion, compromise 75 (20)
or replacement discourse
Introduction 75 (2)
Definition, principles and models 77 (6)
The range and limits of restorative 83 (5)
justice
Retribution, rights and restorative 88 (4)
justice
Conclusion 92 (3)
Part two: Punishment and modernity: the
sociological perspective
Punishment and progress: the Durkheimian 95 (17)
tradition
Introduction 95 (2)
Durkheim: punishment and solidarity 97 (5)
Durkheim's sociology of law: critical 102 (2)
evaluation
Weber: bureaucracy and rationality 104 (4)
Durkheimian and Weberian themes: some 108 (1)
contemporary applications
Punishment and culture: contemporary 109 (2)
formulations
Conclusion 111 (1)
The political economy of punishment: 112 (20)
Marxist approaches
Introduction 112 (1)
Key concepts in Marxist sociology 113 (2)
Punishment and the labour market 115 (3)
Why prison? 118 (3)
Ideology and the control of surplus 121 (7)
populations
The challenge of feminism 128 (2)
Conclusion: the legacy of Marxism 130 (2)
The disciplined society: Foucault and the 132 (21)
analysis of penality
Introduction 132 (1)
Foucault's disciplinary penality 133 (4)
Delinquency and normalization 137 (5)
Critique and controversy 142 (8)
Periodicity 143 (1)
Overgeneralization 144 (2)
Partiality 146 (2)
Functionalism 148 (1)
Politics 149 (1)
Summary and conclusion: Foucault's legacy 150 (3)
Understanding contemporary penality 153 (22)
Introduction: punishment and contemporary 153 (4)
culture
Governmentality, risk and actuarialism 157 (7)
Penal policy as problem-solving 164 (4)
The mass imprisonment society 168 (3)
Summary and conclusions: punishment in 171 (4)
the twenty-first century
Part three: Towards justice?
The struggle for justice: critical 175 (12)
criminology and critical legal studies
Introduction 175 (2)
Challenges to mainstream penology 177 (7)
Abolitionism 178 (2)
Feminist jurisprudence 180 (4)
Concluding comments 184 (3)
Postscript: Beyond modernity: the fate of 187 (6)
justice
Introduction 187 (1)
Human rights and the politics of public 188 (2)
safety
Justice and postmodernity 190 (3)
Glossary of key terms 193 (2)
Suggestions for further reading 195 (2)
References 197 (15)
Index 212
