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MySQL, Fifth Edition by Paul DuBoisThe definitive guide to using, programming and administering MySQL 5.5 and MySQL 5.6 MySQL provides a comprehensive guide to effectively using and administering the MySQL database management system (DBMS).Author Paul DuBois describes everything from the basics of getting information into a database and formulating queries, to using MySQL with PHP or Perl to generate dynamic web pages, to writing your own programs that access MySQL databases, to administering MySQL servers. The book also includes a comprehensive reference section providing detailed information on MySQL's structure, language, syntax, and APIs.The fifth edition of this bestselling book has been meticulously revised and updated to thoroughly cover the latest features and capabilities of MySQL 5.5, as well as to add new coverage of features introduced with MySQL 5.6. MySQL is an open source relational database management system (DBMS) that has experienced a phenomenal growth in popularity and use. Known for its speed and ease of use, MySQL has proven itself to be particularly well-suited for developing database-backed websites and applications. MySQL runs on anything from modest hardware all the way up to enterprise servers, and its performance rivals any database system put up against it.Paul DuBois' MySQL, Fifth Edition, is the definitive guide to fully exploiting all the power and versatility of MySQL 5.5 and MySQL 5.6Contents at a GlancePart I: General MySQL Use Chapter 1 Getting Started with MySQLChapter 2 Using SQL to Manage DataChapter 3 Data TypesChapter 4 Views and Stored ProgramsChapter 5 Query Optimization Part II: Using MySQL Programming Interfaces Chapter 6 Introduction to MySQL Programming Chapter 7 Writing MySQL Programs Using C Chapter 8 Writing MySQL Programs Using Perl DBI Chapter 9 Writing MySQL Programs Using PHP Part III: MySQL Administration Chapter 10 Introduction to MySQL Administration Chapter 11 The MySQL Data Directory Chapter 12 General MySQL Administration Chapter 13 Security and Access Control Chapter 14 Database Maintenance, Backups, and Replication Part IV: Appendixes Appendix A Software Required to Use This Book Appendix B Data Type Reference Appendix C Operator and Function Reference Appendix D System, Status, and User Variable Reference Appendix E SQL Syntax Reference Appendix F MySQL Program Reference Online Appendixes:Appendix G C API ReferenceAppendix H Perl DBI API Reference Appendix I PHP API Reference
Contents
Introduction Part I: General MySQL UseChapter 1 Getting Started with MySQL1.1 How MySQL Can Help You1.2 A Sample Database1.2.1 The U.S. Historical League Project1.2.2 The Grade-Keeping Project1.2.3 How the Sample Database Applies to You1.3 Basic Database Terminology1.3.1 Structural Terminology1.3.2 Query Language Terminology1.3.3 MySQL Architectural Terminology1.4 A MySQL Tutorial1.4.1 Obtaining the Sample Database Distribution1.4.2 Preliminary Requirements1.4.3 Establishing and Terminating Connections to the MySQL Server1.4.4 Executing SQL Statements1.4.5 Creating a Database1.4.6 Creating Tables1.4.7 Adding New Rows1.4.8 Resetting the sampdb Database to a Known State1.4.9 Retrieving Information1.4.10 Deleting or Updating Existing Rows1.5 Tips for Interacting with mysql1.5.1 Simplifying the Connection Process1.5.2 Issuing Statements with Less Typing1.6 Where to Now?Chapter 2 Using SQL to Manage Data2.1 The Server SQL Mode2.2 MySQL Identifier Syntax and Naming Rules2.3 Case Sensitivity in SQL Statements2.4 Character Set Support2.4.1 Specifying Character Sets2.4.2 Determining Character Set Availability and Current Settings2.4.3 Unicode Support 2.5 Selecting, Creating, Dropping, and Altering Databases2.5.1 Selecting Databases2.5.2 Creating Databases2.5.3 Dropping Databases 2.5.4 Altering Databases 2.6 Creating, Dropping, Indexing, and Altering Tables2.6.1 Storage Engine Characteristics2.6.2 Creating Tables2.6.3 Dropping Tables2.6.4 Indexing Tables2.6.5 Altering Table Structure2.7 Obtaining Database Metadata2.7.1 Obtaining Metadata with SHOW 2.7.2 Obtaining Metadata with INFORMATION_SCHEMA2.7.3 Obtaining Metadata from the Command Line2.8 Performing Multiple-Table Retrievals with Joins2.8.1 Inner Joins2.8.2 Qualifying References to Columns from Joined Tables2.8.3 Left and Right (Outer) Joins2.9 Performing Multiple-Table Retrievals with Subqueries2.9.1 Subqueries with Relative Comparison Operators2.9.2 IN and NOT IN Subqueries2.9.3 ALL, ANY, and SOME Subqueries2.9.4 EXISTS and NOT EXISTS Subqueries2.9.5 Correlated Subqueries2.9.6 Subqueries in the FROM Clause2.9.7 Rewriting Subqueries as Joins2.10 Performing Multiple-Table Retrievals with UNION2.11 Multiple-Table Deletes and Updates2.12 Performing Transactions2.12.1 Using Transactions to Ensure Safe Statement Execution2.12.2 Using Transaction Savepoints2.12.3 Transaction Isolation2.13 Foreign Keys and Referential Integrity2.14 Using FULLTEXT Searches2.14.1 Natural Language FULLTEXT Searches2.14.2 Boolean Mode FULLTEXT Searches2.14.3 Query Expansion FULLTEXT Searches2.14.4 Configuring the FULLTEXT Search EngineChapter 3 Data Types3.1 Data Value Categories3.1.1 Numeric Values 3.1.2 String Values3.1.3 Temporal (Date and Time) Values 3.1.4 Spatial Values 3.1.5 Boolean Values 3.1.6 The NULL Value 3.2 MySQL Data Types 3.2.1 Data Type Overview 3.2.2 Specifying Column Types in Table Definitions 3.2.3 Specifying Column Default Values 3.2.4 Numeric Data Types3.2.5 String Data Types 3.2.6 Temporal (Date and Time) Data Types 3.3 How MySQL Handles Invalid Data Values3.4 Working with Sequences 3.4.1 General AUTO_INCREMENT Properties 3.4.2 Storage Engine-Specific AUTO_INCREMENT Properties 3.4.3 Issues to Consider with AUTO_INCREMENT Columns 3.4.4 Tips for Working with AUTO_INCREMENT Columns 3.4.5 Generating Sequences Without AUTO_INCREMENT 3.5 Expression Evaluation and Type Conversion 3.5.1 Writing Expressions 3.5.2 Type Conversion 3.6 Choosing Data Types 3.6.1 What Kind of Values Will the Column Hold? 3.6.2 Do Your Values Lie Within Some Particular Range? Chapter 4 Views and Stored Programs4.1 Using Views 4.2 Using Stored Programs 4.2.1 Compound Statements and Statement Delimiters 4.2.2 Stored Functions and Procedures4.2.3 Triggers 4.2.4 Events4.3 Security for Views and Stored ProgramsChapter 5 Query Optimization5.1 Using Indexing 5.1.1 Benefits of Indexing 5.1.2 Costs of Indexing 5.1.3 Choosing Indexes 5.2 The MySQL Query Optimizer 5.2.1 How the Optimizer Works 5.2.2 Using EXPLAIN to Check Optimizer Operation5.3 Choosing Data Types for Efficient Queries 5.4 Choosing Table Storage Formats for Efficient Queries 5.5 Loading Data Efficiently 5.6 Scheduling, Locking, and Concurrency Part II: Using MySQL Programming InterfacesChapter 6 Introduction to MySQL Programming 6.1 Why Write Your Own MySQL Programs? 6.2 APIs Available for MySQL 6.2.1 The C API 6.2.2 The Perl DBI API 6.2.3 The PHP API 6.3 Choosing an API 6.3.1 Execution Environment 6.3.2 Performance 6.3.3 Development Time 6.3.4 Portability Chapter 7 Writing MySQL Programs Using C 7.1 Compiling and Linking Client Programs 7.2 Connecting to the Server 7.3 Handling Errors and Processing Command Options 7.3.1 Checking for Errors 7.3.2 Getting Connection Parameters at Runtime 7.3.3 Incorporating Option Processing into a Client Program 7.4 Processing SQL Statements 7.4.1 Handling Statements That Modify Rows 7.4.2 Handling Statements That Return a Result Set 7.4.3 A General-Purpose Statement Handler 7.4.4 Alternative Approaches to Statement Processing 7.4.5 mysql_store_result() Versus mysql_use_result() 7.4.6 Using Result Set Metadata 7.4.7 Encoding Special Characters and Binary Data 7.5 An Interactive Statement-Execution Program 7.6 Writing Clients That Include SSL Support 7.7 Using Multiple-Statement Execution 7.8 Using Server-Side Prepared Statements 7.9 Using Prepared CALL Support Chapter 8 Writing MySQL Programs Using Perl DBI 8.1 Perl Script Characteristics 8.2 Perl DBI Overview 8.2.1 DBI Data Types 8.2.2 A Simple DBI Script 8.2.3 Handling Errors 8.2.4 Handling Statements That Modify Rows 8.2.5 Handling Statements That Return a Result Set 8.2.6 Quoting Special Characters in Statement Strings 8.2.7 Placeholders and Prepared Statements 8.2.8 Binding Query Results to Script Variables 8.2.9 Specifying Connection Parameters 8.2.10 Debugging 8.2.11 Using Result Set Metadata 8.2.12 Performing Transactions 8.3 Putting DBI to Work 8.3.1 Generating the Historical League Directory8.3.2 Sending Membership Renewal Notices 8.3.3 Historical League Member Entry Editing8.3.4 Finding Historical League Members with Common Interests8.3.5 Putting the Historical League Directory Online 8.4 Using DBI in Web Applications 8.4.1 Setting Up Apache for CGI Scripts 8.4.2 A Brief CGI.pm Primer 8.4.3 Connecting to the MySQL Server from Web Scripts 8.4.4 A Web-Based Database Browser 8.4.5 A Grade-Keeping Project Score Browser 8.4.6 Historical League Common-Interest Searching Chapter 9 Writing MySQL Programs Using PHP 9.1 PHP Overview 9.1.1 A Simple PHP Script 9.1.2 Using PHP Library Files for Code Encapsulation 9.1.3 A Simple Data-Retrieval Page 9.1.4 Processing Statement Results 9.1.5 Testing for NULL Values in Query Results 9.1.6 Using Prepared Statements 9.1.7 Using Placeholders to Handle Data Quoting Issues 9.1.8 Handling Errors 9.2 Putting PHP to Work 9.2.1 An Online Score-Entry Application 9.2.2 Creating an Interactive Online Quiz 9.2.3 Historical League Online Member Entry Editing Part III: MySQL AdministrationChapter 10 Introduction to MySQL Administration 10.1 MySQL Components 10.2 General MySQL Administration 10.3 Access Control and Security 10.4 Database Maintenance, Backups, and Replication Chapter 11 The MySQL Data Directory 11.1 The Data Directory Location 11.2 Structure of the Data Directory 11.2.1 How the MySQL Server Provides Access to Data 11.2.2 Representation of Databases in the Filesystem 11.2.3 Representation of Tables in the Filesystem 11.2.4 Representation of Views and Triggers in the Filesystem 11.2.5 How SQL Statements Map onto Table File Operations 11.2.6 Operating System Constraints on Database Object Names 11.2.7 Factors That Affect Maximum Table Size 11.2.8 Implications of Data Directory Structure for System Performance 11.2.9 MySQL Status and Log Files 11.3 Relocating Data Directory Contents 11.3.1 Relocation Methods 11.3.2 Relocation Precautions 11.3.3 Assessing the Effect of Relocation 11.3.4 Relocating the Entire Data Directory 11.3.5 Relocating Individual Databases 11.3.6 Relocating Individual Tables 11.3.7 Relocating the InnoDB System Tablespace11.3.8 Relocating Status and Log FilesChapter 12 General MySQL Administration12.1 Securing a New MySQL Installation 12.1.1 Establishing Passwords for the Initial MySQL Accounts 12.1.2 Setting Up Passwords for Additional Servers 12.2 Arranging for MySQL Server Startup and Shutdown 12.2.1 Running the MySQL Server On Unix 12.2.2 Running the MySQL Server On Windows 12.2.3 Specifying Server Startup Options 12.2.4 Controlling How the Server Listens for Connections 12.2.5 Stopping the Server 12.2.6 Regaining Control of the Server When You Cannot Connect to It 12.3 Using System and Status Variables 12.3.1 Checking and Setting System Variable Values 12.3.2 Checking Status Variable Values 12.4 The Plugin Interface 12.5 Storage Engine Configuration 12.5.1 Selecting Storage Engines 12.5.2 Selecting a Default Storage Engine 12.5.3 Configuring the InnoDB Storage Engine 12.6 Globalization Issues 12.6.1 Configuring Time Zone Support 12.6.2 Selecting the Default Character Set and Collation 12.6.3 Selecting the Language for Error Messages 12.6.4 Selecting the Locale 12.7 Server Tuning 12.7.1 General-Purpose System Variables for Server Tuning 12.7.2 Storage Engine Tuning 12.7.3 Using the Query Cache 12.7.4 Hardware Optimizations 12.8 Server Logs 12.8.1 The Error Log 12.8.2 The General Query Log 12.8.3 The Slow Query Log12.8.4 The Binary Log12.8.5 The Relay Log12.8.6 Using Log Tables12.8.7 Log Management12.9 Running Multiple Servers12.9.1 General Multiple Server Issues12.9.2 Configuring and Compiling Different Servers12.9.3 Strategies for Specifying Startup Options12.9.4 Using mysqld_multi for Server Management12.9.5 Running Multiple Servers on Windows12.9.6 Running Clients of Multiple Servers12.10 Updating MySQL Chapter 13 Security and Access Control13.1 Securing Filesystem Access to MySQL 13.1.1 How to Steal Data13.1.2 Securing Your MySQL Installation13.2 Managing MySQL User Accounts 13.2.1 High-Level MySQL Account Management13.2.2 Granting Privileges13.2.3 Displaying Account Privileges13.2.4 Revoking Privileges13.2.5 Changing Passwords or Resetting Lost Passwords13.2.6 Avoiding Access-Control Risks13.2.7 Pluggable Authentication and Proxy Users13.3 Grant Table Structure and Contents13.3.1 Grant Table Scope-of-Access Columns13.3.2 Grant Table Privilege Columns13.3.3 Grant Table Authentication Columns13.3.4 Grant Table SSL-Related Columns13.3.5 Grant Table Resource Management Columns13.4 How the Server Controls Client Access13.4.1 Scope Column Contents13.4.2 Statement Access Verification13.4.3 Scope Column Matching Order13.4.4 A Privilege Puzzle13.5 Setting Up Secure Connections Using SSL Chapter 14 Database Maintenance, Backups, and Replication14.1 Principles of Preventive Maintenance14.2 Performing Database Maintenance with the Server Running 14.2.1 Locking Individual Tables for Read-Only or Read/Write Access 14.2.2 Locking All Databases for Read-Only Access 14.3 General Preventive Maintenance 14.3.1 Using the Server's Auto-Recovery Capabilities14.3.2 Scheduling Preventive Maintenance14.4 Making Database Backups14.4.1 Storage Engine Portability Characteristics 14.4.2 Making Text Backups with mysqldump14.4.3 Making Binary Database Backups14.4.4 Backing Up InnoDB Tables 14.5 Copying Databases to Another Server 14.5.1 Copying Databases Using a Backup File14.5.2 Copying Databases from One Server to Another 14.6 Checking and Repairing Database Tables14.6.1 Checking Tables with CHECK TABLE14.6.2 Repairing Tables with REPAIR TABLE 14.6.3 Using mysqlcheck to Check and Repair Tables14.7 Using Backups for Data Recovery14.7.1 Recovering Entire Databases14.7.2 Recovering Individual Tables14.7.3 Re-Executing Statements in Binary Log Files14.7.4 Coping with InnoDB Auto-Recovery Problems14.8 Setting Up Replication Servers14.8.1 How Replication Works14.8.2 Establishing a Master-Slave Replication Relationship14.8.3 Binary Logging Formats 14.8.4 Using a Replication Slave for Making Backups Part IV: AppendixesNote: Appendixes G, H, and I are located online and are accessible either by registering this book at informit.com/register or visiting www.kitebird.com/mysql-bookAppendix A Software Required to Use This BookA.1 Obtaining the sampdb Sample Database DistributionA.2 Obtaining MySQL and Related SoftwareA.3 MySQL Installation NotesA.3.1 Creating a Login Account for the MySQL UserA.3.2 Installing MySQLA.3.3 Setting Your PATH Environment VariableA.3.4 Initializing the Data Directory and Grant TablesA.3.5 Starting the ServerA.3.6 Initializing Other System TablesA.4 Perl DBI Installation NotesA.5 PHP and PDO Installation NotesAppendix B Data Type ReferenceB.1 Numeric TypesB.1.1 Integer TypesB.1.2 Fixed-Point Types B.1.3 Floating-Point TypesB.1.4 BIT Type B.2 String Types B.2.1 Binary String Types B.2.2 Nonbinary String Types B.2.3 ENUM and SET Types B.3 Temporal (Date and Time) Types Appendix C Operator and Function Reference C.1 Operators C.1.1 Operator Precedence C.1.2 Grouping Operators C.1.3 Arithmetic Operators C.1.4 Comparison Operators C.1.5 Bit Operators C.1.6 Logical Operators C.1.7 Cast Operators C.1.8 Pattern-Matching Operators C.2 Functions C.2.1 Comparison FunctionsC.2.2 Cast FunctionsC.2.3 Numeric Functions C.2.4 String Functions C.2.5 Date and Time Functions C.2.6 Summary Functions C.2.7 Security and Compression Functions C.2.8 Advisory Locking Functions C.2.9 IP Address Functions C.2.10 XML Functions C.2.11 Spatial Functions C.2.12 Miscellaneous Functions Appendix D System, Status, and User Variable ReferenceD.1 System VariablesD.1.1 InnoDB System VariablesD.2 Status Variables D.2.1 InnoDB Status VariablesD.2.2 Query Cache Status Variables D.2.3 SSL Status Variables D.3 User-Defined VariablesAppendix E SQL Syntax Reference E.1 SQL Statement Syntax (Noncompound Statements) E.2 SQL Statement Syntax (Compound Statements) E.2.1 Control Structure StatementsE.2.2 Declaration Statements E.2.3 Cursor Statements E.2.4 Condition-Handling Statements E.3 Comment Syntax Appendix F MySQL Program ReferenceF.1 Displaying a Program's Help Message F.2 Specifying Program Options F.2.1 Standard MySQL Program Options F.2.2 Option Files F.2.3 Environment Variables F.3 myisamchk F.3.1 Standard Options Supported by myisamchk F.3.2 Options Specific to myisamchk F.3.3 Variables for myisamchk F.4 mysql F.4.1 Standard Options Supported by mysql F.4.2 Options Specific to mysql F.4.3 Variables for mysql F.4.4 mysql Commands F.4.5 mysql Prompt Definition Sequences F.5 mysql.server F.5.1 Options Supported by mysql.server F.6 mysql_config F.6.1 Options Specific to mysql_config F.7 mysql_install_db F.7.1 Standard Options Supported by mysql_install_db F.7.2 Options Specific to mysql_install_db F.8 mysql_upgrade F.8.1 Standard Options Supported by mysql_upgrade F.8.2 Options Specific to mysql_upgrade F.9 mysqladmin F.9.1 Standard Options Supported by mysqladmin F.9.2 Options Specific to mysqladmin F.9.3 Variables for mysqladmin F.9.4 mysqladmin Commands F.10 mysqlbinlog F.10.1 Standard Options Supported by mysqlbinlog F.10.2 Options Specific to mysqlbinlog F.10.3 Variables for mysqlbinlog F.11 mysqlcheck F.11.1 Standard Options Supported by mysqlcheck F.11.2 Options Specific to mysqlcheck F.12 mysqld 1F.12.1 Standard Options Supported by mysqldF.12.2 Options Specific to mysqld F.12.3 Variables for mysqld F.13 mysqld_multi F.13.1 Standard Options Supported by mysqld_multi F.13.2 Options Specific to mysqld_multi F.14 mysqld_safe F.14.1 Standard Options Supported by mysqld_safe F.14.2 Options Specific to mysqld_safe F.15 mysqldump F.15.1 Standard Options Supported by mysqldump F.15.2 Options Specific to mysqldump F.15.3 Data Format Options for mysqldump F.15.4 Variables for mysqldump F.16 mysqlimport F.16.2 Options Specific to mysqlimport F.16.3 Data Format Options for mysqlimport F.17 mysqlshow F.17.1 Standard Options Supported by mysqlshow F.17.2 Options Specific to mysqlshow F.18 perror F.18.1 Standard Options Supported by perror Appendix G C API Reference (Online Only) G.1 Compiling and Linking G.2 C API Data Structures G.2.1 Scalar Data Types G.2.2 Nonscalar Data StructuresG.2.3 Accessor Macros G.3 C API FunctionsG.3.1 Client Library Initialization and Termination Routines G.3.2 Connection Management RoutinesG.3.3 Error-Reporting Routines G.3.4 Statement Construction and Execution RoutinesG.3.5 Result Set Processing RoutinesG.3.6 Multiple Result Set RoutinesG.3.7 Information Routines G.3.8 Transaction Control Routines G.3.9 Prepared Statement Routines G.3.10 Administrative RoutinesG.3.11 Threaded Client RoutinesG.3.12 Debugging Routines Appendix H Perl DBI API Reference (Online Only)H.1 Writing Scripts H.2 DBI Methods H.2.1 DBI Class Methods H.2.2 Database-Handle Methods H.2.3 Statement-Handle Methods H.2.4 General Handle Methods H.2.5 MySQL-Specific Administrative Methods H.3 DBI Utility Functions H.4 DBI Attributes H.4.1 Database-Handle Attributes H.4.2 General Handle Attributes H.4.3 MySQL-Specific Database-Handle Attributes H.4.4 Statement-Handle Attributes H.4.5 MySQL-Specific Statement-Handle Attributes H.4.6 Dynamic Attributes H.5 DBI Environment Variables Appendix I PHP API Reference (Online Only) I.1 Writing PHP Scripts I.2 PDO Classes I.3 PDO Methods I.3.1 PDO Class MethodsI.3.2 PDOStatement Object Methods I.3.3 PDOException Object Methods I.3.4 PDO Constants Note: Appendixes G, H, and I are located online and are accessible either by registering this book at informit.com/register or visiting www.kitebird.com/mysql-book
