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Full Description
Covering important philosophical issues aimed at today's students, paired articles "talk to each other," thus setting up a clear "pro-con" format. Each pair of readings features an introduction with a list of "Points to Ponder" which focuses students on the issues they'll encounter as they read and ends with a conclusion entitled "The Continuing Debate" with subheads "What is New" and "Where to Find More" to encourage further study and discussion.
Contents
Debate 1Vital Support for Ethics?Religion Undercuts Ethics.Advocate: James Rachels. Source: "God and Human Experience." Religion Provides Vital Support for Ethics. Advocate: George N. Schlesinger.Source: New Perspectives on Old-Time Religion.Debate 2: Reason, Objectivity, and Ethics: Can Reason Guide Us to Objective Ethical Truths?Reason Cannot Discover Ethical Truths.Advocate: Bernard Williams.Source: Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy.Reason Can Discover Ethical Truths. Advocate: Thomas Nagel.Source: The Last Word.Debate 3: Is Ethics Based on a Social Contract?Social Contract Theory Offers the Best Grounds for Ethics.Advocate: David Gauthier.Source: "Why Contractarianism?" Social Contract Theory is an Inadequate Account of Ethics.Advocate: Jean Hampton.Source: "Two Faces of Contractarian Thought."Debate 4: Can Consequentialism Make Room for Friendship?Consequentialism Can Accommodate the Value of Friendship.Advocate: Peter Railton.Source: "Alienation, Consequentialism, and the Demands of Morality." Consequentialism Leaves No Room for Friendship.Advocate: Michael Stocker.Source: "The Schizophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories."Debate 5: Morality: Universal Principles of Justice or Specific Caring Relationships?Caring Relationships Can Take Precedence.Advocate: Virginia Held.Source: "Caring Relations and Principles of Justice."Justice and Care Operate Together.Advocate: Claudia Card.Source: "Particular Justice and General Care."Debate 6: Do Moral Obligations Always Take Precedence?We Should Limit the Demands of Morality.Advocate: Susan Wolf.Source: "Moral Saints."Following the Strongest Demands of Morality is a Worthwhile Goal.Advocate: Robert Merrihew Adams.Source: "Saints."Debate 7: Do Women Have a Distinctive Ethical Perspective?Women Have a Distinctive Ethical Perspective. Advocate: Annette Baier.Source: "What Do Women Want in a Moral Theory?"Gender Does not Distinguish Different Moral Perspectives.Advocate: Marilyn Friedman.Source: "Beyond Caring: The De-Moralization of Gender."Debate 8: Can Virtue Theory Offer Moral Direction?Virtue Ethics Offers Effective Moral Guidance.Advocate: Rosalind Hursthouse.Source: On Virtue Ethics.Virtue Ethics Leaves Loose Ends.Advocates: David Copp and David Sobel.Source: "Morality and Virtue: An Assessment of Some Recent Work in Virtue Ethics."Debate 9: Does Contemporary Psychological Research Threaten Virtue Theory?Virtue Theory is Undercut by Contemporary Psychological Research.Advocate: Gilbert Harman.Source: "Moral Philosophy Meets Social Psychology: Virtue Ethics and the Fundamental Attribution Error." Virtue Theory is not Damaged by Contemporary Psychological Research.Advocate: James Montmarquet.Source: "Moral Character and Social Science Research." Debate 10: Is Moral Psychology Relevant to Moral Philosophy?Moral Psychology Requires Changes in Moral Philosophy.Advocate: Mark L. Johnson.Source: "How Moral Psychology Changes Moral Theory."Moral Psychology Has Little Effect on Moral Philosophy.Advocate: Virginia Held.Source: "Whose Agenda? Ethics Versus Cognitive Science."Debate 11: How Did Moral Behavior Develop?Morality Developed as a Means of Controlling Powerful Group Members.Advocate: Christopher Boehm.Source: "Conflict and the Evolution of Social Control."Morality Developed to Protect Systems of Cooperative Exchange.Advocate: Dennis Krebs.Source: "As Moral as We Need to Be."Debate 12: Pragmatism and the Dispute Over Value ObjectivityThere Are Truths About Values.Advocate: Hilary Putnam.Source: "Are Values Made or Discovered?"There Are No Truths About Values.Advocate: Richard Rorty.Source: "Relativism: Finding and Making."Debate 13: Is Morality Relative to Culture or Objectively and Universally True?Morality is Relative.Advocate: Gilbert Harman.Source: "Is There a Single True Morality?" Morality is Objectively True.Advocate: Carol Rovane.Source: "Earning the Right to Realism or Relativism in Ethics." Debate 14: Is Cultural Relativism a Helpful Approach to Ethics?Ethical Cultural Relativism Should be Rejected. Advocate: Ruth Macklin.Source: Against Relativism: Cultural Diversity and the Search for Ethical Universals in Medicine.Ethical Cultural Relativism Has Some Advantages.Advocate: Elvin Hatch.Source: "The Good Side of Relativism."Debate 15: Is Morality an Ideological Illusion?Close Examination of Morality Reveals its Ideological Nature.Advocate: Anthony Skillen.Source: "Is Morality a Ruling Illusion?" The Objectivity of Morality Remains an Open Possibility.Advocate: Peter RailtonSource: "Morality, Ideology, and Reflection; or, The Duck Sits Yet."Debate 16: Is Partiality Toward Fellow Citizens Morally Justified? Partiality Toward Fellow Citizens Should be Very Limited.Advocate: Jeff McMahan.Source: "The Limits of National Partiality."Significant Partiality Toward Fellow Citizens is Justified.Advocate: Thomas Hurka.Source: "The Justification of National Partiality."Debate 17: Is Moral Responsibility Morally Justified?Moral Responsibility is Morally Legitimate.Advocate: Daniel C. Dennett.Source: Freedom Evolves.Moral Responsibility is Ultimately Unjustified.Advocate: Saul Smilansky.Source: "Compatibilism: The Argument from Shallowness."
