Full Description
Offering provocative readings on issues such as body image, patriotism and nationalism, and DNA and the justice system, this writing guide and collection of essays shows readers how to apply classical argument techniques to their own persuasive writing so they create better arguments.
Contents
I. TOOLS FOR ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING 1. Recognizing Situation and StrategyUsing Imitation to Recognize Situation and Strategy: What Stephen King Can Tell UsStudying the Structure, Getting a SenseStudent Writing: Imitation"Chief Seattle's Letter to President Pierce, 1855"Phyllis, "Hidden (An Imitation of Chief Seattle)" (student essay)Techniques for Writers I-1: Imitating the ClassicsStudent Writing: Using the Nuts and Bolts of Close ImitationJehlen, "Silence" (student essay)Matt, "Good Living" (student essay)Looking Closely: A Line-By-Line Conversion of "Silence" to "A Quiet Athlete"Techniques for Writers I-2: Close Imitation 2. Identifying the Elements of Argumentative WritingFrazz, Jeff Mallett (cartoon)Harnessing the Power to PersuadeDefining RhetoricWhy Rhetoric? Determining the Purposes of PersuasionThe Communication Triangle: Analyzing the Elements of CommunicationPositioning the Writer in the Communication TriangleExamining the Ethos, Pathosand Logos of an EssayAnna Quindlen: "Homes for Those in Need-and Drop the Warm Fuzzies"Using Rhetoric in Everyday CommunicationTechniques for Writers II-1: Audience AwarenessAnalyzing Essays for Ethos, Pathos and LogosStuart D. Bykofsky: "Solutions Homeless People Seek"Steven Vanderstaay: "Ask a Homeless Person"Techniques for Writers II-2: Writing About the HomelessStudent Writing: Point/Counterpoint-Students Respond Jamie Vollmer, "Schools Cannot Raise America's Children"Ben Minadeo, "The Hourglass is Emptying" (student essay)Chris Arntson, "Schools Must Raise America's Children" (student essay)Chris, "A Student's Farewell" (student essay)Sylvie Hang, "Farewell to You, Student" (student essay)Student EmailShonte' Terhune, "Who's Better Than Whom?" (student essay)Amy Lamb, "The Community College Difference" (student essay)Glossary: Chapter II3. Examining Argument Through Dialectic and InductionAsking Different Kinds of QuestionsIdentifying Argumentative PropositionsTechniques for Writers III-1: Developing Argumentative PropositionsConstructing Arguments: Using Pro/Con Grids to Support PositionsIdentifying the Themes of Argument: Searching for Underlying IdeasThomas Nagel: "A Defense of Affirmative Action"Shelby Steele: "Affirmative Action Must Go"Ernest van den Haag: "Affirmative Action: Is It Fair?"Stephen L. Carter: "Racial Justice on the Cheap"James Webb: "In Defense of Joe Six-Pack"Stephen L. Carter: "Racial Preferences? So What?"Patti Waldmeir: "Affirmative Action Backers Prepare Case"Charles Krauthammer: "Lies, Damn Lies, and Racial Statistics"Techniques for Writers III-2: Pros and ConsExpanding the Pro/Con Grid: Finding Support in ReadingsFocusing the Issue: The Case StudyLee C. Bollinger: "Diversity is Essential"Armstrong Williams: "But Not at This Cost"Clarence Page: "Race Not Only 'Bias' in College Admissions"Ruben Navarrette, Jr.: "Affirmative Action Past Its Prime"Dori J. Maynard: "Let's Reframe the Affirmative Action Debate on College Admissions"Melisa Gao: "What I Think: College Admissions and Affirmative Action"George Will: "High Noon for 'Diversity'"Robert J. Bresler, "Affirmative Action: The Court Muddies the Waters"Mac A. Stewart, "Validation of the University of Michigan's Affirmative Action Program by the U.S. Supreme CourtMolly Riley, "'Diversity' . . . D'oh!"Techniques for Writers III-3: Analyzing an ArgumentStudent Writing: Argument AnalysisMary Best, "Analysis of 'Racial Justice on the Cheap'" (student essay)Curtis Dale, "Analysis of 'Racial Justice on the Cheap'" (student essay)Dialectic: Using Dialogue to Examine an Issue Plato: Excerpt from "Crito"Walter Goodman, "What Is a Civil Libertarian to Do When Pornography Becomes So Bold?"Writing a Dialogue: Creating Support Through DialecticTechniques for Writers III-4: Writing a DialogueCharles Schultz. "Classic Peanuts featuring "Good 'ol Charlie Brown" (cartoon)Peer Revision: Refining and Developing a DraftPeer Revision Sheet-DialogueStudent Writing: DialogueSandra Smaltz, "Dialogue on Affirmative Action" (student essay)Justin Bauer, "Dialogue on Gambling" (student essay)4. Writing Inductive Essays and Mediated ArgumentsGenerating Ideas Through Stasis TheoryTechniques for Writers IV-1 Applying Stasis Theory to an Argument Techniques for Writers IV-2: Freewriting and MappingGenerating Ideas Through the Canons of RhetoricExamining Cicero's Model of Argument ArrangementMartin Luther King, Jr.: "Letter from Birmingham Jail" excerptWriting the Inductive EssayTechniques for Writers: Exercise IV-3: The Inductive Essay Peer Revision Sheet-Inductive EssayStudent Writing: Inductive EssaySandra Smaltz, "Affirmative Action: The Great Leveler" (student essay)T.J. Kinkle, "The Great Debate Over School Uniforms" (student essay)Mediating an Argument: Finding ResolutionAnalyzing a Mediated ArgumentRoger Rosenblatt: "Ending the Abortion War"Examining "Ending the Abortion War" as a Mediated ArgumentWriting the Mediated ArgumentTechniques for Writers IV-4: The Mediated Argument Peer Revision Sheet-Mediated Argument Student Writing: Mediated ArgumentSandra Smaltz, "Affirmative Action, or Not?" (student essay)II. ENRICHING AND EXPANDING ARGUMENTS5. Developing Arguments Through Rhetorical StrategiesAristotle's Topoi: Identifying Classical Argument Strategies Techniques for Writers V-1: Writing DefinitionsTechniques for Writers V-2: More DefinitionsMike Royko: "Farewell to Fitness"Techniques for Writers V-3: Topoi at WorkTechniques for Writers V-4: Finding the TopoiTechniques for Writers V-5: Using the Topoi Assumptions: Identifying the Ideas That Underlie Arguments Techniques for Writers V-6: Finding AssumptionsLogical Fallacy: Learning How NOT to Argue Introductions: Creating Audience InterestTechniques for Writers V-7: Focusing on IntroductionsTechniques for Writers V-8: Writing Introductions6. Reading Rhetorically: Case Studies on Popular Music Analyzing the "Sellout" Argument in Popular MusicCase #1: Osbourne, Seger, and "Corruption"Case #2: Warner/MansonCase #3: "The Milli Vanilli Affair"Case #4: Extended Case Study: Rap Lyrics as a Real Instructional Device?Bill O'Reilly, interview from The O'Reilly FactorCase #5: Extended Case Study" Metallica-The Ultimate Sellout?Scott Adams, "Dilbert" (cartoon)Analyzing Arguments on Music DownloadingBrian Lew, "Metallica, How Could You?"Lars Ulrich, "It's Our Property"Lorraine Ali, "The Artists: It's the Music, Stupid"Kate Zernike, "Students Shall Not Download. Yeah, Sure."Techniques for Writers VI-1: In DepthTechniques for Writers VI-2: Online SearchTechniques for Writers VI-3: Sellout or Real?Techniques for Writers VI-4: Rockin' RushTechniques for Writers VI-5: Bloom on RockSam Munger: "Rockin' Rush: Radio Pirate"7. Thinking Critically About ResearchDefining the Purposes of Research WritingDeveloping a Research PlanTechniques for Writers VII-1: Developing a Research PlanComparing the Qualities of Varieties of SourcesResearch-based Topoi: Strategies for Validating SourcesGerald W. Bracey: "Tips for Readers of Research: Numbers Versus Percentages"Following General Research GuidelinesFollowing Guidelines for Electronic DatabasesEvaluating Web Sites for Validity, Reliability, and Credibility: An ExampleTechniques for Writers VII-2: Real Research Evaluation WorksheetIncorporating Summary, Paraphrase, and Direct Quotation Techniques for Writers VII-3: Summary and ParaphraseDocumenting Sources With Parenthetical Citation Format Documenting Direct QuotationsIncorporating Tables, Graphs, and other VisualsMLA Documentation Format: Description and ExamplesResearch Basics Review QuizTechniques for Writers VII-5: Research Paper-Argument Peer Revision Sheet-Research PaperStudent Writing: Research Paper/MLA DocumentationSandra Smaltz, "Affirmative Action in College and University Admissions, Necessary or Not?" (student essay)APA Documentation Format: Description and ExamplesStudent Writing: Research Paper/APA Documentation Sandra Smaltz, "Affirmative Action in College and University Admissions, Necessary or Not?" (student essay)III. ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES FOR ARGUMENTS 8. Recognizing and Creating Deductive ArgumentsInduction and Deduction: A ComparisonSeeing the World Through Plato's EyesFormulating SyllogismsFinding Syllogisms in TextTechniques for Writers VIII-1: Developing SyllogismsTechniques for Writers VIII-2: Recognizing and Analyzing Syllogisms in TextTechniques for Writers VIII-3: Critical AnalysisRevisualizing The Declaration of Independence as a SyllogismThomas Jefferson: The Declaration of IndependenceRevisualizing The Declaration of Independence as a Syllogism (continued)Jefferson and Plato: Two Viewpoints on the Individual and SocietyImitating Jefferson: Stanton and DouglassElizabeth Cady Stanton: "Women's Declaration of Citizenship"Frederick Douglass: "Independence Day Speech at Rochester"Techniques for Writers VIII-4: Modeling a Deductive Argument9. Recognizing and Creating Narrative ArgumentsAesop's Fables:"The Wind and the Sun"Seeing the Story as ArgumentAesop's Fables:"The Fox and the Grapes"Techniques for Writers IX-1: Writing A FableFinding the Elements of Argument in NarrativeLangston Hughes: "Salvation"Analyzing "Salvation" as Narrative ArgumentAvoiding Common Narrative Pitfalls: Tense and Person ShiftsTechniques for Writers IX-2: Past to PresentTechniques for Writers IX-3: First and ThirdNarrative Arguments: Models Ron Kovic: "On Patrol" Virginia Woolf: from A Room of One's OwnUrsula LeGuin: "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas"Sandy and Harry Chapin, "Cat's in the Cradle"Techniques for Writers IX-4: The Rhetorical NarrativePeer Revision Sheet-Narrative ArgumentsStudent Writing: Rhetorical NarrativesBrian Larson, "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" (student essay)Ron Prush, "Them" (student essay)Michael, "Purgastory" (student essay)10. Recognizing and Creating Oral and Visual ArgumentsFinding the Roots of Classical Rhetoric in Oral ArgumentSituating Context in Oral Argument: Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have a Dream"Martin Luther King, Jr., "I Have a Dream"Techniques for Writers X-1: Analyzing Oral ArgumentGeorge W. Bush, "Acceptance Speech to the Republican National Convention" excerptJohn Kerry, "Acceptance Speech at the Democratic National Convention" excerptDiscovering Contemporary Rhetoric in Visual ArgumentUsing Experience in Reading Visual ArgumentsDeterminging the Roles of Ideology and Values in Reading Visual ArgumentsTechniques for Writers X-2: 30-Second Ideology Primer: DiamondsReading and Critiquing Visual Arguments Beyond "Deceptive Claims"Jason Sharpe, "Reflecting Social Values in the Game of Monopoly" (student essay)Megan Donahue, "Support Our Troops-Buy a Magnet" (student essay)Techniques for Writers X-3: Visual ArgumentsTechniques for Writers X-4: Extended Assignment on Visual ArgumentsIV. READINGS FOR ANALYZING AND CREATING CONTEMPORARY ARGUMENTS 11. Patriotism and NationalismE. B. White: "Democracy (July 3, 1944)Henry David Thoreau: On Civil Disobedience excerptLee Greenwood: "God Bless the U.S.A. (song)Joanne Barkan: "My Mother, Drunk or Sober?": George Orwell on Nationalism and PatriotismJ.B. Priestley: "Wrong Ism"Oliver Goldsmith: "National Prejudices"Robert B. Reich: "The Nationalism We Need"Ralph F. Young: "Dissent Is as American as Apple Pie"Rose Furuya Hawkins: "Proud upon an Alien Shore"Ron Kovic: Born on the Fourth of July(excerpt)John Fetto: "Patriot Games"Brent Staples: "The Meaning of That Star-Spangled Hard Hat"12. Gay and Lesbian RightsJeffrey Nickel: "Everybody's Threatened by Homophobia"Jonathan Rauch: "Beyond Oppression"Thomas B. Stoddard: "Gay Marriages: Make Them Legal"Alexander Cockburn: "Gay Marriage: Sidestep on Freedom's Path"Douglas L. LeBlanc: "Walking in the Truth"Bruce Fein: "Reserve Marriage for Heterosexuals"Midge Decter: "An Amazing Pass"Alias Solomon: "The Wedding March"13. Digital Information and the Ideology of "Copyright"Cristine Martins & Sophia Martins: "Electronic Copyright in a Shrinking World""Stopping Music Piracy without Breaking the Internet"Simson Garfinkel: "The Rights Management Trap"Steven Levy: "Info with a Ball and Chain"Ariana Eunjung Cha: "Rewriting the Rules of Copyright"Phil Albert: "China's Love of Linux Has Roots in Ancient Past"Steven Levy: "Pirates of the Internet"Charles C. Mann: "The Heavenly Jukebox"Appendix 1: 2500 Years of Rhetoric: A Quick ReviewAppendix II: StyleAppendix III: Grammatical Components of the First Sentence of "Silence"Index
