Full Description
Having Your Say takes an inquiry-based, problem-solving approach to reading and writing arguments on real-world public policy issues. This rhetoric of argument with readings engages students in-depth on two important public policy issues: crime and the environment. Students investigate the nature and causes of problems, analyze the effects of proposed solutions, and anticipate the reactions of stakeholders in the issue. By considering the social and historical context of an issue and the interests of stakeholders, student-authors develop more interesting, original, and substantive arguments and gain confidence in their ability to get involved and participate in public discourse.
Contents
Preface1. What It Takes to Have Your SayWriting as ExplorationArguingArguing at a DistanceExploring the Issues in this BookExamples of Issues Perspectives on Issues Having YOUR SayLearning to Have Your SayExercises2. Spans: The Segments of an ArgumentThe Issue Span: Seeing the IssueVariations in the Issue SpanTip-Off TermsRecognizing the Boundaries of the Issue SpanThe Problem Span: Understanding the ProblemExplaining the TensionTip-Off TermsChange in Scope: Separating the Issue and Problem SpansThe Solution Span: Finding and Evaluating OptionsTip-Off TermsSolution Span in the ReadingsIs There Any Solution?Drawing Lines Between the SpansInferring the Author's Starting PointUsing Spans to Analyze, to Explore, and to GuideExercises3. Stases: Taking Standpoints Along a PathThe Stasis Sequence in Different SpansDividing a Span into StasesExistence ClaimsThe Point of an Existence ClaimDeveloping Existence ArgumentsClues for Spotting Existence ClaimsTip-Off Terms Definition ClaimsThe Point of a Definition ClaimDeveloping Definition ArgumentsClues to Spotting Definition ClaimsTip-Off TermsDistinguishing Between Definition and Existence ClaimsValue ClaimsThe Point of a Value ClaimDeveloping Value ArgumentsPositive and Negative PhrasingStandardsAbsolute and Relative ValuesClues to Spotting Value ClaimsTip-Off TermsDistinguishing Between Value and Definition ClaimsCause ClaimsThe Point of a Cause ClaimAgents and FactorsDeveloping Cause ArgumentsClues to Spotting Cause ClaimsTip-Off TermsAction ClaimsThe Point of an Action ClaimClues to Spotting Action ClaimsTip-Off TermsChoices of Agent and ActionThe Size and Shape of a StasisExercises4. Supporting Claims: Appealing to Logos, Ethos and PathosAppeals to LogosObservations, Testimony, and StatisticsLogic, Common Sense and ProbabilityAppeals to EthosIndependent ExpertsEyewitnessesStakeholdersPersonal ExperienceThe Author's EthosAppeals to PathosNaming EmotionsInvoking SensationsUsing GraphicsSupporting Claims at Each StasesSignalling Degrees of UncertaintyClues for Spotting UncertaintyThe Point of Uncertainty: Making ProgressBreadth and Depth: Spans, Stases and Appeals Appeals Charts for Castleman and ChiversExercises5. Junctions: Crossing Alternative PathsThe Point of DisagreeingThe Main Path and Alternative PathsIdentifying Opponents Naming People and Groups Defining and Naming a GroupCross Roads: The Opponent's Alternative PathMerging Lanes: ConcessionsTaking the Exit: RebuttalSignaling DisagreementSignaling Agreement With Verbs Of AttributionChallenging the ClaimChallenging the SupportRe-entering the Main Path: RestatementExercises6. Style: Appealing Through LanguageIdentifying a Popular Opinion StyleDealing with a Provocative StyleProvocative InsidersPutting a Provocative Style in PerspectiveDealing with a Journalistic StyleDealing with an Academic StyleA Combination of Styles in College WritingExercisesPART I READINGSEnvironmentChivers C. J. "Scraping Bottom"Easterbrook, Gregg. "They Stopped the Sky from Falling"Gomez-Pompa, Arturo, and Andrea Kaus. "Taming the Wilderness Myth"Shiflett, Dave. "Parks and Wreck - Against Jet Skiers, Snowmobilers, and Other Louts"Kristof, Nicholas. "In Praise of Snowmobiles"Robinson, John. "The Responsibility to Conserve Wild Species" Crime Castleman, Michael. "Opportunity Knocks"Kleck, Gary. "There Are No Lessons to Be Learned from Littleton." Meares, Tracey and Dan Kahan. "When Rights are Wrong"Brooks, George. "Let's Not Gang Up on Our Kids"Kollin, Joe. "Why Don't We Name Juveniles?"Shapiro, Bruce. "One Violent Crime"7. Finding Entry PointsFrom a Text to a ConversationAuthors and ArgumentsScholarsStakeholdersDecision MakersPunditsCasesReal World CasesProblem CasesIdeal CasesHypothetical casesPersonal ExperienceStarting an Authentic ExplorationExercises8. Surveying the TerrainSourcesNewspapers and MagazinesTrade and Professional Association JournalsAdvocacy Journals and SitesGovernment Publications and WebsitesScholarly JournalsBooksTelevision News and Weekly Popular News MagazinesCombining Sources: Where to BeginSearching and Selecting StrategiesUsing Indexes and DatabasesFinding Authorship Data on WebsitesEvaluating SourcesRelevanceOriginalityDocument TypeTimelinessEthos of Author or Sponsoring GroupSumming Up the Value of a Source9. Exploring by RespondingNarrating a Case Lay out the DetailsNarrate the FrustrationShow instead of always TellingResponding to an AuthorAgreeing and DisagreeingUsing Rogerian ArgumentPlaying Devil's AdvocateImitatingArguing and Expressing10. Exploring and Constructing a ProblemTwo Strategies for Exploring the ProblemStating a ProblemStating GoalsExploring Possible CausesWorking Backwards from a SolutionAnalyzing Problem CasesCollecting and Grouping CasesVarying the Aspects with Hypothetical CasesExploring SignificanceNarrating a Case11. Exploring and Constructing SolutionsFacing the UnknownGenerating Solutions from Problem StatementsChanging the Terrain Changing Goals or ValuesChanging Expectations and ObservationsGenerating Solutions from CasesFinding Previously Tried SolutionsImporting a Solution through AnalogyTesting Solutions with CasesPredicting Effects on Problem CasesEvaluating Costs and Benefits12. Mapping a ConversationRelating Your Position to Others'Synthesis DefinedSelecting a Relevant Set of AuthorsWhat are Synthesis Trees?Sample Student TreesIdentifying Common ApproachesGrouping AuthorsBranching out Groups and SubgroupsDrawing Fair InferencesAsking Argument-Based QuestionsProblem Trees and Solution TreesTrees Based on StasisTesting the TreeRole-PlayingTesting with Problem CasesLooking for Coherence and BalanceExercisesIII. HAVING YOUR SAY13. Having Your Say on an Author's ArgumentPlanning Purpose and Audience Planning Your Line of ArgumentAllocating Space and Planning the ArrangementCriteria for a Good Problem-Based ArgumentPeer Review QuestionsSample Papers14. Having Your Say by Responding to an AuthorPlanning Purpose and Audience Planning Your Line of ArgumentAllocating Space and Planning the ArrangementCriteria for a Good Problem-Based ArgumentPeer Review QuestionsSample Papers15. Having Your Say on the State of the DebateState of the Debate Papers versus Response PapersSample State of the Debate PapersPlanning Purpose and AudiencePlanning Your Line of ArgumentChoosing a Paradigm CaseApproachesDescribing Positions Within an ApproachAllocating Space and Planning the ArrangementAdopting an Analytic StyleCriteria for a Good State of the Debate PaperPeer Review Questions16. Having Your Say on the ProblemPlanning Purpose and Audience Planning Your Line of ArgumentAllocating Space and Planning the ArrangementCriteria for a Good Problem-Based ArgumentPeer Review Questions Sample Papers17. Having Your Say on the SolutionPlanning Purpose and Audience Planning Your Line of ArgumentAllocating Space and Planning the ArrangementCriteria for a Good Solution-Based ArgumentPeer Review Questions Sample Student PapersIV. READING AND WRITING RESOURCES18. Critical Reading ProcessPreparing to ReadReading for the First TimeReading to Deepen Your UnderstandingReading to Map Out the ArgumentFollowing Through After ReadingExercises19. A Repertoire of Writing ProcessesWriting Process ComponentsIndividual Process StylesPlanning Types of PlansPlanning an ArrangementReturning to Planning for Midcourse CorrectionsDraftingStrategies for Generating Plans and PassagesFreewritingTalking It OutUsing Keyword TemplatesEvaluatingDetectingDiagnosingRevising Revising for OrganizationEditingWhen is the Best Time to Revise and EditGetting Stuck and Unstuck20. Rhetorical PlanningHaving Something New to SayRelating to an AudienceAdopting a RoleInsiders and OutsidersAllies and OpponentsAddressing ReadersAllocating SpaceEstablishing Common GroundAssuming Some Consensus: Getting a Head StartEncouraging Insiders to ReconsiderMaking Concessions: Going the Extra MileResponding with Civility21. Collaborative Evaluation and RevisionWhy Revise Collaboratively?Taking on a Helpful Role Giving Helpful FeedbackDetectReflectDiagnoseSuggestComments to AvoidUsing Feedback during RevisionGiving Feedback to Reviewers22. Documentation ConventionsTwo Parts of Documentation: In-Text Citations and Lists of SourcesIn-Text CitationsDirect Reference CitationsIndirect Parenthetical CitationsCitations to Sources with Unknown AuthorsLists of SourcesBooksPeriodicalsPersonal CommunicationsGlossary of KeywordsBibliographies for Crime and EnvironmentIndex
