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Full Description
African American entrepreneurship has been an integral part of the American economy since the 1600s. On the eve of the Civil War, the collective wealth of free blacks was approximately $50 million. In 2006, African Americans earned a whopping $744 billion, a figure that exceeds the gross domestic product of all but 15 nations of the 192 independent countries in the world. As W. Sherman Rogers so ably demonstrates, African Americans have achieved these economic gains under difficult circumstances. Slavery, segregation, and legally limited access to property, education, and other opportunities have taken a heavy toll, even to this day. Besides providing a penetrating glimpse into the world of black entrepreneurship both past and present, this book urges African Americans to gain financial independence as entrepreneurs. Business ownership, Rogers argues, will bring security, wealth that can be passed to successive generations, and educated offspring with much greater earning power.
The African American Entreprenuer: Then and Now explores the lower economic status of black Americans in light of America's legacy of slavery, segregation, and rampant discrimination. Its main purpose is to shine a light on the legal, historical, sociological and political factors that together help to explain the economic condition of black people in America from their arrival in America to the present. In the process, the book spotlights the many amazing breakthroughs made by black entrepreneurs even before the Civil War and Emancipation. Profiles of business people from the Post-civil War period through today include Booker T. Washington, pioneer banker and insurer A.G. Gaston, hair care entrepreneur Madame C.J. Walker, Ebony publisher John H. Johnson, Black Entertainment Television founder Robert L. Johnson, publisher Earl Graves, music producer Damon Dash, rapper Sean Combs, former basketball stars Dave Bing and Magic Johnson, food entrepreneur Michelle Hoskins, broadcast personality Cathy Hughes, former Beatrice Foods head Reginald Lewis, Oprah Winfrey, and many more. As Rogers points out, reading about remarkable African American entrepreneurs can inspire readers to adopt an entrepreneurial mindset. To further that goal and help readers take the plunge, he outlines many of the skills, tools and information necessary for business success-success that can help chart a new path to prosperity for all African Americans.
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part I Foundations of Excellence:
The African American Entrepreneur from Slavery to the Present
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurship as a Key Factor in the Black Quest for Economic Parity
Chapter 2 The Black Economic Journey from the 1600s to the Civil War
Chapter 3 The Reconstruction Era: 1867-1877
Chapter 4 Government-Imposed Segregation: Jim Crow Dances with the U.S. Supreme Court
Chapter 5 Black Economic Enclaves under Government-Imposed Segregation
Chapter 6 Black Thought Leaders and Entrepreneurs of the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Chapter 7 The Civil Rights Era and the End of American Apartheid: The 1950s to the Present
Chapter 8 Black Thought Leaders and Entrepreneurs from the Civil Rights Era to the Present
Chapter 9 A Parting Look at the Foundations of Black Entrepreneurial Excellence
Part II Building Future Excellence: A Primer For Aspiring Entrepreneurs
Introduction
Chapter 10 Developing Your Ideas
Chapter 11 Creating the Legal Framework for Your Business
Chapter 12 Things You Should Know about Intellectual Property
Chapter 13 Building Your Business Plan
Chapter 14 Raising Capital for Your Business
Chapter 15 Tax Matters for Business Owners
Chapter 16 Estate Planning: Securing Your Future and Your Legacy
Conclusion
Appendices
Appendix I 7(a) Loans—SBA Program Office
Appendix II Micro-Loans—SBA Program Office
Appendix III CDC/504 Program—SBA Program Office
Bibliography
Index
