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Full Description
Genome sequencing enables scientists to study genes over time and to test the genetic variability of any form of life, from bacteria to mammals. Thanks to advances in molecular genetics, scientists can now determine an animal's degree of inbreeding or compare genetic variation of a captive species to wild or natural populations. Mapping an organism's genetic makeup recasts such terms as biodiversity and species and enables the conservation of rare or threatened species, populations, and genes. By introducing a new paradigm for studying and preserving life at a variety of levels, genomics offers solutions to previously intractable problems in understanding the biology of complex organisms and creates new tools for preserving the patterns and processes of life on this planet. Featuring a number of high-profile researchers, this volume introduces the use of molecular genetics in conservation biology and provides a historical perspective on the opportunities and challenges presented by new technologies.
It discusses zoo-, museum-, and herbarium-based biological collections, which have expanded over the past decade, and covers the promises and problems of genomic and reproductive technology. The collection concludes with the philosophical and legal issues of conservation genetics and their potential effects on public policy.
Contents
List of Illustrations List of Tables Foreword: The Continuity of Genomes and Genetic Resources for the New Century, by Sydney Brenner Acknowledgments General Introduction Part I. Perspectives on the Union of Conservation and Genetics 1. The Expansion of Conservation Genetics, by Rob DeSalle and George Amato 2. Conservation Genetics and the Extinction Crisis: A Perspective, by William Conway 3. Moving Toward a More Integrated Approach, by George Amato Part II. Conservation Genetics in Action: Assessing the Level and Quality of Genetic Resources in Endangered Species 4. Neutral, Detrimental, and Adaptive Variation in Conservation Genetics, by Philip W. Hedrick 5. Stopping Evolution: Genetic Management of Captive Populations, by Robert C. Lacy 6. The Emerging Theme of Ocean Neighborhoods in Marine Conservation, by Stephen R. Palumbi 7. Genetic Data and the Interpretation of Restoration Priorities of the Cicindela dorsalis Say Complex (Coleoptera: Carabidae): The Components of Conservation Genetics Revisited, by Paul Z. Goldstein Range Collapse, Population Loss, and the Erosion of Global Genetic Resources, by James P. Gibbs Part III. Saving Genetic Resources 9. Biodiversity, Conservation, and Genetic Resources in Modern Museum and Herbarium Collections, by Robert Hanner, Angelique Corthals, and Rob DeSalle 10. Banking of Genetic Resources: The Frozen Zoo at the San Diego Zoo, by Leona G. Chemnick, Marlys L. Houck, and Oliver A. Ryder 11. The Role of Cryopreserved Cell and Tissue Collections for the Study of Biodiversity and Its Conservation, by Vitaly Volobouev 12. The Silent Biodiversity Crisis: Loss of Genetic Resource Collections, by Deborah L. Rogers, Calvin O. Qualset, Patrick E. McGuire, and Oliver A. Ryder 13. Who Owns the Ark, and Why Does It Matter?, by Cathi Lehn, Rebecah Bryning, Rob DeSalle, and Richard Cahoon Part IV. Genomic Technology Meets Conservation Biology 14. Conservomics? The Role of Genomics in Conservation Biology, by George Amato and Rob DeSalle 15. Genomics and Conservation Genetics, by Judith A. Blake 16. Crop Transgenes in Natural Populations, by Norman C. Ellstrand 17. The Role of Assisted Reproduction in Animal Conservation, by Anne McLaren 18. Conservation and Cloning: The Challenges, by Ian Wilmut and Lesley Paterson Part V. Policy, Law, and Philosophy of Conservation Biology in the Age of Genomics 19. Can Our Laws Accommodate the New Conservation Genetics?, by Gerald J. Flattmann Jr., Barbara A. Ruskin, and Nicholas Vogt 20. The Import of Uncertainty, by Sandra D. Mitchell Further Reading List of Contributors Index
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