Choices Writers Make : A Guide

Derosa, Susan L./ Ferruci, Stephen A.

Longman Pub Group（2010/12発売）

• 製本 Paperback:紙装版/ペーパーバック版／ページ数 601 p.
• 言語 ENG
• 商品コード 9780205617050
• DDC分類 808.0420711

Full Description

Choices Writers Makestudents to transform their writing to most successfully engage particular assignments, situations or purposes. This practical tool emphasizes a process approach to writing that not only allows students to develop their skill, but also to more easily contextualize their work for an increasingly dynamic audience.

Contents

Part OneChapter 1: Introduction to GenreWhat Is Genre? The Social Settings of GenresThe Characteristics of GenresThe Functions of GenresAudience Expectations and GenreThe Writer and Genre Choices Writers Make: Rhetorical Situation and Genre The Rhetorical SituationAcademic GenresCivic Genres Transformations: The Flexibility of Genres Genre Blurring: What Is It? Why Do It?An Example of Genre Blurring: The Travel MemoirSara Schneider (student), Just Another Beautiful Thunderstorm: A Travel Memoir Genre Crossing: What Is It? Why Do It?An Example of Genre Crossing: From Open Letter to Research ReportGloria Ramos (student), Same-Sex Marriage: An Open Letter to Social ConservativesTransforming the Open Letter to a Research ReportGloria Ramos (student), A Report on Same-Sex Marriage in America: A Human Right, a Family Right (APA Format Paper)Chapter 2: Critical Reading and Analysis StrategiesWhat Is Critical Reading?Why Read Critically?Reading a Text for What It MeansPreviewingSave the Children, Katrina Response: Protecting the Children of the StormAnnotatingTerry Starkey Williston, A View to the ContraryOutliningSummaryResponseRay French, Taking Back Our Tuition: Students Need to Push to Keep College AffordableReading a Text for How It WorksJay Weiner, Sports CenteredAnalyzing the Contexts of a TextLooking at the GenreLooking at the WriterExamining the PublicationAnalyzing Parts of a TextLooking at Openings and ClosingsIdentifying the Writer's PositionIdentifying the ArgumentsExamining the EvidenceMary Frances Berry, Gay But Equal?Providing Comments for Revision: Practicing Peer ReviewWhy Writers and Readers Benefit from Peer ReviewProviding Comments to Help Writers Revise: Specific v. VaguePeer Readers: Writing Effective Peer Review CommentaryWriters: Revising from Peer FeedbackChapter 3: Analyzing and Writing ArgumentsArguments and Persuasion: It's Not About FightingArgument and Rhetoric Creating Convincing ArgumentsAnalyzing ArgumentsSpeech Analysis ExampleBarack Obama, Speech Against the Iraq WarRhetorical Analysis of Senator Obama's SpeechWebLinks: The World of RhetoricThe Structure of Argument: Claims, Evidence, and AssumptionsClaims: Claims of Fact, Value, and PolicyClaims of FactClaims of ValueClaims of PolicyDiffering Views: Refutation, Concession, and Finding Common GroundHow Claims WorkJim Kuerschner, Big Brother is on the Facebook (excerpt)Kinds of EvidenceFactual EvidenceOpinionsAssumptionsThe Scientology Religion (excerpt)The Hard and Soft Sell of Argument: Rhetorical Appeals and Language ChoicesEthos, Logos, and Pathos: The Rhetorical Appeals "Humorous" Rhetorical DevicesAnne Lamott, Sign me up for Barack Obama's death panel!Humorous Rhetorical Devices at WorkThe Onion Staff, Homeless People Shouldn't Make You Feel Sad Like ThatWords That Resound: Lexicon, Ultimate Terms, and RepetitionRhetorical Analysis Joseph Kellard, An Open Letter to Dan MarinoWriting Assignment: Rhetorical Analysis And Evaluation Of An ArgumentChapter 4: Analyzing Visual Rhetoric Reading Visual Arguments CriticallyRhetorical Analysis: "Just Chute Me" Advertising BrochureWriting Assignment: Rhetorical Analysis of a Visual Message Elements of Visual Rhetoric What Readers Consider When They Analyze Visual MessagesTexts and Images in Visual Messages Straightforward Use of Text and ImagesU.S.Department of Agriculture, School Supplies'The Complex Relationship Between Texts and Images Considering the Context for the ImageImages and Graphics That Support TextPhotographsBorders, Shading, and Other Design ElementsCharts and GraphsMissing?The Rhetorical Appeals in Visual Arguments Ethos in Visual ArgumentsU.S.Coast Guard, Fishing Tips from Bill DancePathos and Logos in Visual ArgumentsYossi Lemel, Blood Bath 2002Claims and Evidence in Visual ArgumentsTodd Davidson, Man Controlling Globe Iron Horse Hotel AdvertisementsWebLinks: Exploring Visual MessagesVisual Design: Fonts, Color, and ArrangementU.S.Department of Justice, Think Before You PostVisual Design and Visual ManipulationTime Magazine, O.J. Simpson PhotographsTheory into Practice: Constructing Your Own Visual Messages What Writers Consider When Constructing Visual MessagesWriting Assignment Options: Visual MessagesPart Two: Exploring GenresChapter 5: Public LettersWhat Is a Public Letter?The Purpose of Public LettersThe Rhetorical Situation of Public LettersReading Public Letters CriticallyNote: Writing Activity: Analyzing the Genre of Public LettersGenre Analysis: Walidah Imarisha and Not4Prophet, Dearest Hip Hop (open letter)Michael Stinebrink and Tommy Balestracci (student), An Exchange of Letters on College Football Championships Anne Lamott, President Obama: Healthcare; You Promised (open letter)Christian De Graff, Science in Defense (letter to the editor)Writing Assignment Options: Public LettersWriting Public LettersWhat Writers Consider When They Write Public LettersGenerating Ideas for Public LettersFocusing the Topic: Getting to the IssueWriting Activity: Focusing the Topic, Getting to the IssueAvoiding Common PitfallsThinking about Audience, Purpose, and SituationResearching Public LettersSearching Your ExperiencesDoing Background ResearchDrafting Public LettersGenerating ClaimsOrganizing Public LettersOptions for Organizing Public Letters Openings and Closings for Public LettersRevising Public LettersAnticipating Audience ResponseEngaging in the Conversation: Contextualizing Your LetterPeer Review for Public LettersPeer Review Guidelines: Public LettersReflecting on the ProcessONE WRITER'S JOURNEY: Katie Hicks's Open LetterGenerating Ideas for the Open LetterThinking about Audience, Purpose, and SituationDrafting the Open LetterRevising the Open Letter: Peer ReviewKatie Hicks (student), Dear Uninvolved Parents: An Open Letter (final draft)Reflection on Writing an Open LetterTransformations: Genre-Crossing from Public Letter to Research ReportGenre-Crossing Writing Assignment: From Public Letter to Research ReportKatie Hicks (student), After-School Programs: Benefits for Adolescents, Benefits for Communities (research report)Chapter 6: ReviewsWhat Is a Review?The Purpose of ReviewsThe Rhetorical Situation of ReviewsThe Writer's StanceReading Reviews CriticallyNote: Add WA?Genre Analysis:Peter Meehan, Will Pigs' Feet Fly?Tim Rutten, Review of "The Anatomist: A True Story of Gray's Anatomy"John Phillips, 2008 Maserati GranTurismo--Road TestPeter Kvetko, Noora: A Golden Voice; Wah Rangiya: Passionate Punjab; Bol Ni Chakkiye: The Singing Wheel of LifeWriting Assignment Options: ReviewsWriting ReviewsWhat Writers Consider When They Write Reviews Avoiding Common PitfallsGenerating Ideas for ReviewsWebLinks: The World of Film ReviewsThinking about Audience, Purpose, and SituationResearching ReviewsDoing Background and Contextual ResearchDeveloping Criteria for EvaluationDoing Field Research for ReviewsDrafting ReviewsWriting Explicit and Implied Evaluative Thesis StatementsGenerating Claims for ReviewsWriting Openings for ReviewsWriting Closings for ReviewsRevising ReviewsBalancing Summary/Description and Analysis/Evaluation: The What and the HowEntering the Conversation: Integrating Reviews of Others into Your ReviewPeer Review Guidelines: ReviewsReflecting on the ProcessONE WRITER'S JOURNEY: Patrick Merrigan's Film ReviewThinking about Audience, Purpose, and Situation: Developing CriteriaDrafting: Integrating Background ResearchDrafting: Using Evaluative Language and ToneRevising: Balancing Detail with Audience NeedsRevising the Review: Peer ReviewPatrick Merrigan (student), Superbad:Super Movie or Just Bad? (final draft)Reflecting on the ProcessWriting Activity: Evaluating One Writer's JourneyTransformations: Genre Blurring: Rhetorical Analysis of a DocumentaryGenre-Blurring Writing Assignment: Rhetorical Analysis of a DocumentaryKim Thomassen Strand (student), There Is Nothing Called Hope in My Future: A Rhetorical Analysis of Born Into BrothelsChapter 7: EssaysWhat Is an Essay?The Purposes of EssaysReading Essays CriticallyGenre Analysis: Jo Ann Beard, Out ThereJim Kuerschner (student), Big Brother Is on the FacebookJennifer Moses, Stepping OutJames A. Banks, Remembering Brown: Silence, Loss, Rage, and HopeWriting Assignment Options: EssaysWriting EssaysGenerating Ideas for EssaysAvoiding Common Essay PitfallsThinking about Audience, Purpose, and SituationResearching EssaysWriting Activity: Searching Your ExperiencesDoing Background ResearchIncorporating ResearchDrafting EssaysThe Rhetorical Situation and ClaimsThe Commentary: Answering the Question "What If?"Guidelines for Developing the Commentary in Your Essay: What If [[3dots]]?Organizing EssaysOpenings For EssaysClosings for EssaysRevising EssaysThe "So What?" Reaction from Readers: Developing Your CommentaryPeer Review Guidelines: EssaysWriting Activity: Reflecting on Writing an EssayOne Writer's Journey: Colin Keane's Personal EssayGenerating Ideas for the Personal Essay: Starting with What You Know Thinking about Audience, Purpose, and SituationDrafting: Researching Experiences and Connecting to the Larger IssueRevising: Focusing on the Subject, Emphasizing CommentaryColin Keane (student), Big Change in a Small Town: A Personal Essay (final draft)Reflecting on the ProcessTransformations: Genre Blurring: The Photographic EssayGenre Blurring Writing Assignment: The Photographic EssayMichael Coles, Smash Palace--Model Four HundredChapter 8: MemoirsWhat Is a Memoir?The Purposes of MemoirReading Memoirs CriticallyGenre Analysis:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Real FoodAdam King (student), These StoriesDavid Sedaris, Let It SnowChitrita Banerji, A Shared PlateWebLinks: Creative Nonfiction and Fourth Genre: Explorations in NonfictionWriting Assignment Options: MemoirsWriting MemoirsGenerating Ideas for MemoirsAvoiding Common PitfallsEthics and Memoir WritingThinking about Audience, Purpose, and SituationResearching Memoirs: Doing Background ResearchDrafting MemoirsDeveloping Ideas: Sensory Descriptions and Concrete Details Organizing MemoirsOpenings for MemoirsClosings for MemoirsRevising MemoirsReflection: Pointing Out the Larger SignificanceMoving Around in Space and TimePeer Review Guidelines: MemoirsOne Writer's Journey: Eliza Poulos's MemoirGenerating Ideas for the Memoir: Recalling Past ExperiencesThinking about Audience, Purpose, and SituationDrafting the Memoir: Choosing Details and SpecificsRevising: Developing Reflection in the MemoirEliza Poulos (student), Lucky? (final draft)Reflecting on the ProcessTransformations: Genre Blurring: The Travel MemoirGenre Blurring Writing Assignment: The Travel MemoirTed Conover, On The Trail of Poppa's AlaskaChapter 9: ProfilesWhat Is a Profile?The Purposes of ProfilesReading Profiles CriticallyGenre Analysis:Larry Rohter, Part of the Carnival Show: The Man Behind the MasksCharlie LeDuff, End of the Line Elaine Miller, Being Rosie the RiveterMary O. Parker, Bingo!Writing Assignment Options: ProfilesCommunity-based Writing OptionWriting ProfilesWhat Writers Consider When They Write ProfilesAvoiding Common Profile PitfallsWebLinks: The Genre of ProfilesGenerating Ideas for ProfilesThinking about Audience, Purpose, and SituationResearching Profiles: Background Research, Interviewing, and ObservingDoing Your Homework: Background ResearchDeveloping Interview Questions and Conducting InterviewsObserving People and PlacesDrafting ProfilesTaking Stock: Sorting Through Field ResearchFraming Your AngleShowing Versus Telling Your AngleWriting Openings for profilesWriting Closings for ProfilesOrganizing Your ProfileRevising ProfilesRethinking the AngleIncorporating the Writer's VoiceIncorporating the Subject's VoiceVisual Rhetoric and ProfilesPeer Review Guidelines: ProfilesReflecting on the Process One Writer's Journey: Brynna Williams's ProfileGenerating Ideas for the ProfileThinking about Audience, Purpose, and SituationDrafting: Gathering Research, Organizing Ideas, and Discovering the AngleRevising: Framing the Angle, Emphasizing the Writer's PerspectiveBrynna Williams (student), Simply Smiles (final draft)Reflecting on the ProcessTransformations: Genre Crossing from Profile to BrochureGenre Crossing Writing Assignment: From Profile to BrochureBrynna Williams (student), Simply Smiles: Transforming the Lives of Impoverished Peoples (brochure)Chapter 10: Research ReportsWhat Is a Research Report?The Purposes of Research ReportsReading Research Reports CriticallyGenre Analysis:RI-PIRG, Rhode Island's Food Safety Net: Ensuring Safe Food from Production to ConsumptionRich Morin, Black-White Conflict Isn't Society's Largest: The Public Assesses Social DivisionsSteven Clark, M.D., Alicia Mangram, M.D., Ernest Dunn, M.D., Car Surfing: Case Studies of a GrowingDangerous PhenomenonColonel Elspeth Cameron Ritchie, MC USA, and Robert Andrew Cardona, M.D., U.S. Military Enlisted Accession Mental Health Screening: History and Current PracticeWriting assignment options: Research ReportsWriting Research ReportsGenerating Ideas for Research ReportsResearch Report Pitfalls: What to Avoid When Choosing a TopicThinking about Audience, Purpose, and SituationResearching Research ReportsDrafting Research ReportsDrafting and Organizing ClaimsUsing Your ResearchOpenings for Research ReportsColin Keane, The Aftermath of September 11 (executive summary)Closings for Research ReportsRevising Research ReportsIdentifying Gaps in Your ResearchIntegrating Your SourcesDesign and Layout: Choosing Color, Charts, and Other VisualsPeer ReviewPeer Review Guidelines: Research ReportsReflecting on the ProcessOne Writer's Journey: Patrick Merrigan's Persuasive Research ReportGenerating Ideas for the Research ReportsThinking about Audience, Purpose, and Situation: Writing a Research Topic ProposalResearching the Report: Writing the Annotated BibliographyDrafting: Writing the Introductory MaterialRevising the Research Report: Working with SourcesPatrick Merrigan (student), Civic Duties and Young Adults(final draft)Reflecting on the ProcessTransformations: Genre-Crossing--From Report to ProposalGenre-Crossing Writing Assignment: From Report to ProposalPatrick Merrigan, Civic Duties: Fixing the Problem of Civic Engagement in Two Easy StepsChapter 11: ProposalsWhat Is a Proposal?The Purpose of ProposalsThe Rhetorical Situation of ProposalsReading Proposals CriticallyGenre Analysis:Women's Committee of 100, An Immodest Proposal: Rewarding Women's Work to End PovertyBrian Halweil, A Community Farm for StanfordJames Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Fighting Terrorism, Addressing Liability: A Global ProposalPatricia J. Sulak, M.D., Adolescent Sexual HealthWriting Assignment Options: ProposalsWriting Proposals Generating Ideas for ProposalsProposal Pitfalls: What to Avoid When Choosing A TopicNarrowing Your Focus: From Topic to IssueThinking about Audience, Purpose, and SituationAudience and IssuePurpose and IssueSituation and IssueArriving at a SolutionCreating Solutions That Address the ProblemResearching ProposalsConducting Background ResearchDrafting ProposalsAddressing Differing ViewsOrganizing ProposalsBalancing the Proposal: Emphasizing the Issue or the ProblemWriting Openings for ProposalsWriting Closings for ProposalsRevising ProposalsAddressing Differing ViewsMatching Solutions to the ProblemsPeer ReviewingPeer Review Guidelines: ProposalsReflecting on the ProcessONE WRITER'S JOURNEY: Christina Schirone's ProposalStudent Sample: Generating ClaimsDrafting: Developing Differing ViewsPeer ReviewChristina Schirone (student), Union University Needs Our Help (final draft)Reflecting on the ProcessTransformations: Genre-Crossing--Public Service AnnouncementGenre-Crossing Writing Assignment: Public Service AnnouncementChristina Schirone (student), Make a Difference Chapter 12: Portfolios: Representing Yourself as a WriterWhat Is a Writing Portfolio?The Purpose of a Writing PortfolioThe Rhetorical Situation of a Writing PortfolioConstructing Writing PortfoliosWriting a Reflective LetterChristina Schirone (student), Reflective Portfolio Letter Writing Assignment Option: Reflective Portfolio LetterWriting an Introductory Paragraph for Each ItemLisa Warford (student), Introductory Paragraph for a Portfolio SelectionPreparing a Case StudyAnalyzing the Choices You MadeRevising Your Writing Writing the Case Study CommentaryRevising Your WritingLisa Warford (student), Portfolio Case Study with Revisions Reflecting on Peer Review Commentary for Case StudiesChristina Schirone (student), Portfolio Case Study with Peer Review Arranging a Writing PortfolioJenna Clark (student): Arrangement of Portfolio ItemsPreparing a Table of ContentsChristina Schirone (student), Portfolio Table of Contents Preparing an Electronic PortfolioPart Three: Research Methods and SourcesChapter 13: Research and the Rhetorical SituationWhy Writers Do ResearchResearch and the Rhetorical SituationMaking Research MeaningfulThinking about ResearchAssessing the TopicConsidering Your Purpose, Audience, and GenreConducting Preliminary ResearchConducting Background ResearchAsking QuestionsDeveloping Keyword Search TermsCreating a Research PlanGathering Information: Where to Go and Why Types of Sources: Primary and SecondaryDistinguishing Primary and Secondary SourcesScholarly and General Secondary SourcesMedia Sources: Film, Television, and RadioLocating SourcesSearching Library CatalogsSearching Databases Searching the ArchivesResearching on the World Wide WebConducting Field ResearchWhy Do Field Research?Subjectivity and Field ResearchInterviewsObservations SurveysEvaluating SourcesEvaluating Print SourcesEvaluating Web Sources Writing an Annotated BibliographyChapter 14: Using and Citing SourcesUsing SourcesUsing Research for Rhetorical EffectsWhy Writers Use SourcesGenre and Using SourcesUsing Quotations, Paraphrases, and SummariesDirect QuotationGuidelines for Direct QuotationsParaphraseParaphrasing DifficultiesGuidelines for ParaphrasingSummaryGuidelines for SummarizingIntegrating and Introducing Sources Integrating SourcesGuidelines for Integrating SourcesIntroducing SourcesGuidelines for Introducing SourcesIncorporating Visual SourcesSynthesizing Your ResearchPitfall: Using Multiple Sources without SynthesizingGuidelines for Synthesizing SourcesConstructing a Research Chart and SynthesisAvoiding PlagiarismGuidelines for What to CiteProcrastination and Intentional PlagiarismGuidelines for Avoiding PlagiarismDocumenting SourcesMaking Note of Bibliographic InformationFinding Bibliographic Information in a BookFinding Bibliographic Information for an Abstracted ArticleFinding Bibliographic Information for an ArticleFinding Bibliographic Information for a Web PageMLA and APA Documentation FormatsMLA In-Text CitationsMLA Works Cited EntriesAPA In-Text CitationsAPA References EntriesMLA and APA Sample PapersCreditsIndex