Full Description
Mirror Images of Argumentis a comprehensive argument rhetoric with readings that explains reading and writing as mirror images of each other and helps students develop skills by intentionally connecting these two processes.
Contents
PART I. ANALYZING ARGUMENTCh 1. A Brief Introduction to ArgumentArgument in ActionArgument as a Thought ProcessSome of the Many Contexts for ArgumentArgument in a Personal Business ContextArgument in an Advertising ContextArgument in a Social Commentary ContextArgument in an Art ContextWhat Argument Should Do for Us Trying to Remain Flexible in Your ThinkingRogerian ArgumentWriting as a ProcessStudents at Work: Putting Argument to UseDiscovering Your Own Arguments: Arguments in Everyday LifeReflections on the ChapterCh.2. Traditional Means of Establishing Context and Discovering Your ArgumentThe Appeal to Personal Credibility (the Ethical Appeal)What Do You Bring to an Argument?The Appeal to Emotions (the Pathetic Appeal)The Appeal to Reason (the Logical Appeal)Students at Work: Thinking about Persuasive AppealsInductive ReasoningSeeking a Reliable Induction Conclusion Deductive ReasoningSeeking the Valid Deductive ConclusionThe Toulmin SystemUsing the Toulmin System to Analyze an ArgumentDiscovering Your Own Arguments: Using the Classical AppealsReflections on the ChapterCh.3. An Argument's AnatomyThe Thinking Behind an ArgumentThe Rhetorical Triangle and the Argument ConceptThe Thinking Within an ArgumentThe ClaimTypes of ClaimsReasons and EvidenceConcessions and RebuttalsStudents at Work: Analysis of the Structure of a Student ArgumentDiscovering Your Own Arguments: Using the "Parts" of ArgumentsReflections on the ChapterCh.4. Using the Argument Concept an Argument's PlanThe Argument ConceptThe Argument Concept and How it Can Work for YouThe Argument Concept in Both Reading and WritingHow the Topic's Focus Influences an Argument's DesignHow the Potential Reader Influences an Argument's DesignHow the Intended Purpose Influences an Argument's DesignAltering Any Part of the ContextStudents at Work: Using the Argument ConceptThe Move from Argument Concept to the Argument's ClaimCharacteristics of Claims as SentencesDiscovering Your Own Arguments: Arguments from Refined Argument ConceptsReflections on the ChapterCh.5. The Potential Problems in ArgumentsInsufficient EvidenceAtypical EvidenceCiting Improper AuthoritiesSubjectivismAppeal to a MajorityPersonal Attack on the OppositionFalse Cause Begging the QuestionNon SequitorFalse DilemmaStudents at Work: Re-examining an Argument for Potential FallaciesDiscovering Your Own Arguments: Keeping an Eye Out for FallaciesReflections on the ChapterCh.6. Using the Argument Concept to Read the Arguments of OthersAn Example of the Need for Critical ReadingStudents at Work: Pete Asks Critical Questions about His SourceCauses of Superficial, Less Than Critical Reading"Active" versus "Passive" Reading Practices"Reversing" the Argument Concept"There's No Future in Lady Luck," Linda Chavez"Traces of Man," Cedomir Kostovic"Margaret Fuller Slack," Edgar Lee Masters"College Brings Alienation," John Gonzales"A Hanging," George OrwellClips from Bowling for Columbine, Michael Moore"Severing the Human Connection," H. Bruce Miller "Hollywood Poison Factory," Michael Medved"English Only" (op-ad)"Erosion," Terry Tempest WilliamsDiscovering Your Own Arguments: An Overall Analysis of ArgumentsReflections on the ChapterPART II. DEVELOPING ARGUMENTSCh.7. Looking in the Mirror and Beyond-Generating TopicsHow to Generate a Productive Topic for an ArgumentTopics to AvoidTopics to PursueMethods to Inspire Writers' ChoicesClusteringFree WritingLoopingDiscovering Your Own Arguments: Topic ExplorationReflections on the ChapterCh.8. Seeking, Sorting, and Selecting Outside Source MaterialTurning to "Outside" Sources for SupportHow to Select the Best Outside Sources for Your ArgumentSources Other than DatabasesHow to Select the Best Sources"Triangulation"-An Attempt at ValidityDiscovering Your Own Arguments: A Status ReportReflections on the ChapterCh.9. Envisioning the Complete Argument as a Pre-writing ProcessThe Need for a PlanAn Ineffective Approach: Pasting Together a "Report"A Writer's Guide to the Envisioned PlanThe Envisioning ProcessConsidering Your Reader's Potential KnowledgeConsidering Your Reader's Established ValuesConsidering Your Reader's Opposition to Your Claim Deciding What to IncludeAdjusting Your Envisioned PlanDiscovering Your Own Arguments: Envisioning Your ArgumentProfessional Sample of Envisioned Plan and Final ArgumentStudents at Work: A Student's Plan and Corresponding ArgumentReflections on the ChapterCh.10. Refining the Purposes for Your ArgumentArguing for the Quality of a Product, Behavior, or Work of ArtDo Evaluative Arguments Allow for Fairness?How Evaluative Arguments are Often OrganizedStudents at Work: The Primarily Evaluative PurposeArguing Solutions to ProblemsRecognizing and Identifying a ProblemExploring and Evaluating the Possible Solution(s) to a ProblemDo Problem/Solution Arguments Allow for Fairness?Selecting and Defending a Solution to a ProblemStudents at Work: The Primarily Problem/Solution PurposeArguing Causes(s) and Effect(s)Do Cause/Effect Arguments Allow for Fairness?Students at Work: The Primarily Cause/Effect PurposeArguing to Maintain or Change a PolicyDo Policy Arguments Allow for Fairness?Students at Work: The Primarily Policy PurposeDiscovering Your Own Arguments: Refining Your Envisioned PlanReflections on the ChapterCh.11. Drafting the Sections of Your Argument - Illustration, Detail, & Outside Sources The Need for Support - Getting Your Reader to "Buy In"The Power of IllustrationStudents at Work: The Need for IllustrationStudents at Work: Enriching IllustrationExamples from Personal Experience Integrating Outside Source Material with Your ArgumentUsing Summary, Paraphrase, and Direct QuotationWriting an Accurate and Adequate SummaryStudents at Work: Creating a ParaphraseStudents at Work: Using Direct QuotationsGuidelines for Integrating Source MaterialDiscovering Your Own Arguments: Practice in Integrating Outside Source Material with Your VoiceDiscovering Your Own Arguments: Drafting Your ArgumentReflections on the ChapterCh.12. Documenting Outside SourcesThe Purposes of DocumentationAn Important Caution about DocumentationThe Basic Processes of Documenting SourcesExternal Documentation (Bibliographical Information)The Three Responsibilities of DocumentationExternal Documentation of Electronic SourcesInternal (In-text) DocumentationStudents at Work: Sample MLA and APA Papers for ExaminationDiscovering Your Own Arguments: Reviewing and Revising Your Source UseReflections on the ChapterCh.13. Revising the Written ArgumentBasic Revising AdviceRevising Focus on Reader and PurposeStudents at Work: Revision BeginsStudents at Work: Second DraftRevising the Amount and Quality of EvidenceStudents at Work: Revising the Amount and Quality of EvidenceRevising OrganizationStudents at Work: Revising Organization Top Ten Editing Errors to AvoidStudents at Work: Revising for Language CorrectnessDiscovering Your Own Arguments: Examining Drafts for Language Correctness Reflections on the ChapterPART IV. Additional Readings for AnalysisUnit 1. Business Ethics "The Ethics of Business Schools," Katherine Mangan"They Call Their Boss a Hero," Michael Ryan"Executive Decisions," from Multinational Monitor"Greed Despoils Capitalism," Barbara Wilder"The Upside of Downsizing," Art BuchwaldUnit One Questions to Guide AnalysisUnit 2. Our Body Images "I am a Barbie Girl," Kate Epstein"Wearing Tights," from Real Boys' Voices"Fat Girls (Don't) Dance," Sharleen Jonasson"Just One Look," Kim Campbell"The Muscle Mystique," Barbara KingsolverUnit Two Questions to Guide AnalysisUnit 3. Poverty and WealthNobel Prize Lecture, Jimmy Carter (in text)"The Fight of Our Lives," Bill Moyer"What is Poverty," Jo Goodwin Parker"Helping Binyam, When His Mother Won't," Nicholas D. Kristof"The Singer Solution to World Poverty," Peter Singer"Are You Too Rich if Others Are Too Poor," Marjorie KellyUnit Three Questions to Guide AnalysisUnit 4. Visual Rhetoric"An Argument for the Superiority of Printed Media over Visual Media," Scott Aniol"A Modern Perspective on Graffiti," Killian Tobin"Learning to Love PowerPoint," David Byrne"PowerPoint is Evil," Edward Tufte"Visual Culture and Health Posters: Anti-Smoking Campaigns," Profiles in Science"American Progress," John GastUnit Four Questions to Guide AnalysisUnit 5. Working in America"All Work, No Play," Claudia Brinson"The Work Addict in the Family," Diane Fassel"Other Factors More Important in Job Stress," Melissa C. Stoppler"A Working Community," Ellen Goodman"Goodbye to the Work Ethic," Barbara EhrenreichFrom Nickel and Dimed, Barbara EhrenreichUnit Five Questions to Guide Analysis
