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基本説明
Williams has here collected the work of the chief partisans with opposed viewpoints on the theory of selection at the group level to state their arguments and rebuttals.
Full Description
Living things are constantly engaged in a struggle for existence, and ingenious devices for the purpose of self-preservation can be seen in all types of animal and plant life. However, nature also displays phenomena that are not related to survival or that seem clearly to violate the principle of self-preservation - particularly when organisms interact with one another. Darwin investigated these apparent contradictions and proposed that both mechanisms of self preservation and those of reproduction are explained by a more basic principle of "natural selection" - the reproductive survival of the fittest. George C. Williams in "Group Selection" challenges the adequacy of this process of selection at the individual level.Williams has here collected the work of the chief partisans with opposed viewpoints on the theory of selection at the group level to state their arguments and rebuttals. A minority of modern biologists offer evidence to show that groups of living things are organized to assure their collective survival; they are not merely collections of individuals designed for their own survival and reproduction. In opposition, defenders of the traditional point of view charge that mechanisms of group survival are based on illusion and misinterpretation.Because of the wide range of opinion expressed in "Group Selection", the reader is exposed to all sides of the dispute and encouraged to form his or her own views. In addition, as a source book on current evolutionary issues or for research or reference material, "Group Selection" remains a valuable addition to every personal and institutional library in the biological sciences.
Contents
Introduction; I: Altruistic Behavior and Social Organization; 1: On the Effects of Selection on Social Insects; 2: The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior. I.; 3: The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior. II.; II: Adaptive Regulation of Population Density; 4: Intergroup Selection in the Evolution of Social Systems; Group Selection and Kin Selection: A Rejoinder; A Reply to Maynard Smith's Rejoinder; Survival of Young Swifts in Relation to Brood-Size; A Rejoinder to Perrins; III: Higher Levels of Organization; 5: The Evolution of Stability in Marine Environments: Natural Selection at the Level of the Ecosystem; IV: Sex Ratio; 6: Natural Selection and the Sex Ratio; 7: Evolutionary Origin of Sexual Differentiation and the Sex Ratio; 8: Comments on the Two Preceding Papers; V: Sex; 9: The Origin and Maintenance of Sex; 10: Evolution in Sexual and Asexual Populations; 11: Evolution in Sexual and Asexual Populations; 12: Evolution in Sexual and Asexual Populations
