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Europe in the Modern Worldunusually engaging narrative history of Europe since 1500. Written by an award-winning teacher and scholar, the narrative highlights the major episodes of the European past and vividly connects those episodes to major international events. Each chapter opens with a compelling biographical sketch--from Toussaint Louverture to Leni Riefenstahl--that gives the book's ideas a vibrant, humanface, while "Writing History" exercises at the end of each chapter offer students step-by-step guidance toward effective, polished prose. Taken together, the end-of-chapter exercises constitute a powerfulexpository writing program unique to this book.Europe in the Modern World pays considerably more attention to economic history than do other textbooks, demonstrating the role that economic developments--and the political, social, and cultural responses to them--play in shaping the political and social life of a given age. By taking politics and economics seriously while doing justice to social and cultural life, Europe in the Modern World explains the keyphenomena of the Western past with clarity and verve. The book reads not like a typical academic text, but more like the best narrative history.
Contents
List of MapsPrefaceAbout the Writing History ExercisesAbout the AuthorIntroductionBiography: EuropaWhat and Where Is Europe?Europe in 1450-1500Agriculture, Industry, and Trade in 1450-1500Religion, Culture, and Intellectual Life in 1450-1500The Structure of this BookChapter 1: The Age of Religious Reform, 1490-1648Biography: Martin LutherThe Beginnings of Religious ChangeThe Protestand ReformationLuther and Religious Reforms in GermanyZwingli and the Radicalization of Religious ReformThomas Muntzer's Radical Anabaptism--- Anabaptism and the Peasants' War--- The Politics of Religious StrifeCalvinismPredestination and the Creation of a Calvinist ChurchThe French Religious WarsOhter Calvinist GainsThe Protestand Transformation in EnglandThe Catholic ReformationThe Catholic RecoveryThe Council of TrentThe JesuitsThe Counter-ReformationThe Thirty Years' WarReformation Society and CultureWitchcraft The Visual ArtsConclusion: The Reformation's Outcomes and ResultsWriting History: CoordinationChapter 2: States and Empires, 1500-1715Biography: Louis XIVAbsolutism and Its LimitsA New NobilityEuropean Wars, 1660s to 1714Spain: Another Kingdom Submerged in Debt"Bureaucratic Absolutism" in Germany and the Holy Roman EmpireAustria and Bohemia: The Limits of Habsburg AuthorityPrussiaRussiaThe Ottoman EmpireConstitutional RegimesPoland and HungarySwedenThe Dutch RepublicEngland--- England's Road to Revolution and Civil War--- English Protestantism Divides in Two--- The English Civil War--- The English Revolution--- The RestorationEmpiresThe Portuguese EmpireThe Spanish EmpireThe Dutch Private Enterprise EmpireThe British EmpireThe French EmpireConclusion: The Failure of AbsolutismWriting History: SubordinationChapter 3: Science and Enlightenment, 1600-1789Biography: GalileoA Scientific Revolution?The World as MachineThe Experimental ModelDescartes and the Quest for CertaintyIsaac Newton: The Way Gravity Works"Enlightenment:" From the Natural World to the Study of Humankind"What is Enlightenment?"Natural Law and the Nature of Human BeingsLocke, Mandeville, and the Scottish EnlightenmentRousseau and Natural ManCivilization and "Primitive" ManRationality and the Critique of ReligionNational Differences in Enlightenment ThoughtVoltaire and the Critique of Religion in FranceThe Theory and Practice of GovernmentWomen and the New PhilosophyConclusion: The Accomplishments of the EnlightenmentWriting History: Thesis StatementsChapter 4: The Era of the French, Revolution, 1750-1815Biography: Toussaint L'ouvertureOrigins of the French RevolutionThe Financial CrisisThe Political CrisisThe Public Opinion CrisisThe Crisis of Frustrated ExpectationsFrance's New Social StructureThe RevolutionThe Revolution Takes OffThe Great FearThe Revolution Settles InReligion and RevolutionThe End of the MonarchyCivil War and TerrorThe End of the TerrorThe Directory, 1794-99Britain, Russia, and the French RevolutionRevolution in the French EmpireNapoleon's European EmpireConclusion: The Legacy of the French RevolutionWriting History: The thesis statement (X) and its supporting ideas (1-2-3)Chapter 5: The Industrial Revolution, 1750-1815Biography: Richard ArkwrightOrigins of the Industrial Revolution: Why Britain?Britain's Urban, Market-Oriented, High-Wage EconomyThe Agricultural RevolutionCoal: The Revolution in EnergyThe Rise of CottonThe Mechanization of IndustryThe Industrial Revolution Moves Beyond CottonEconomic Development Outside of BritainThe Cultural and Political Origins of the Industrial RevolutionSocial Consequences of the Industrial RevolutionThe Lives of Working PeopleEconomic Instability and Its ConsequencesChanges in Family LifeThe Factory, Workers and the Rise of the Labor MovementEconomic LiberalismConclusion: The Limits of Britain's Industrial RevolutionWriting History: Cohesion across sentencesChapter 6: Conservation, Reform, and Revolution, 1815-1852Biography: George SandRestoration?The Congress of ViennaThe Peace SettlementThe Slave TradeNew Ideologies of the Post-Revolutionary PeriodConservatismLiberalismRomanticismDemocracySocialismFeminismNationalismPolitical Systems and the Quest for ReformThe Autocracies: Austria, Russia, and PrussiaPrussia and the Non-Habsburg German StatesRevolution in Spain and ItalyFrance: The Rise of Constitutional MonarchyThe French Revolution of 1830Rebellions in the Low Countries, Switzerland, Italy, Greece, and the Ottoman EmpireBritain: Social Change and Political Reform1848: Europe in RevolutionThe Revolution BeginsThe Spread of RevolutionConclusion: The Meaning of 1848Writing History: Paragraph flowChapter 7: From National Unificatoin to Religious Revival, 1850-1880Biography: Otto von BismarckThe New IndustrializationA New Prosperity?Urbanizatoin and the Urban WorldThe Redevlopment of ParisEurope's Worldwide Economic RolePolitical ChangeProsperity and Empire in FranceThe Crimean WarThe Eclipse of RussiaNational UnificationThe Unification of ItalyThe Unificaton of GermanyConsequences of the German Unification--- The Creation of Austria-Hungary, 1867--- The New French RepublicMarxism and the Opposition to CapitalismTrade Unions, Women's Rights, and the Rise of Socialist PartiesPositivism, Evolution, and the Hegemony of ScienceReligion in the Modern WorldPopular CultureConclusion: A New European Balance of PowerWriting History: Text reconstructionChapter 8: European Society and the Road to War, 1880-1914Biography: Maria MontessoriLife and Death and the Movement of PeopleEconomic Change During the "Long Depression," 1873-93The Agricultural CrisisThe Industrial Economy MaturesBritain's Relative DeclineTechnology and the Flurry of InventionsTariffs and the Rise of Economic NationalismPolitics and Political ChangeBritain: The Practice of LiberalismFrance: The Achievements of a Democratic RepublicGermany: The Persistence of Authoritarian and Aristocratic RuleSocial Reform in GermanyImperialism and EmpireWhy Imperialism?Nationalist Reactions to ImperialismThe Empire at HomeFrom Missionaries to the "Civilizing Mission"Russia, Austria, and the BalkansAustria-Hungary: A Slow Decline"Politics in a New Key:" Anti-Semitism and the Extreme RightAnti-Semitism in Russia and FranceThe Dreyfus AffairFeminism and the New WomanOrigins of the First World WarThe Road to WarMorocco and the BalkansConclusion: Europe Plunges Into the AbyssWriting History: Text reconstruction and compositionChapter 9: The First World War, 1914-1919Biography: Siegried SassoonThe Outbreak of WarThe Battles of the Marne and YpresThe Western FrontTrench WarfareThe Battles of Verdun and the SommeThe Eastern FrontThe War Outside Europe and at SeaWar in Africa and the Ottoman EmpireThe Middle Eastern CampaignThe War Against CiviliansGerman Responses to the Economic BlockadeConsent for the WarThe Home FrontWomen's Contributions to the WarWartime PropogandaFrom Protest to MutinyThe American InterventionBoth Sides Prepare for All-Out VictoryThe Allied VictoryGermany's Aborted RevolutionThe Treaty of VersaillesConclusion: Results of the First World WarWriting History: Paper reconstructionChapter 10: The Russian Revolution and the Rise of the Soviet Union, 1905-1940Biography: Aleksandra KollontaiOrigins of the Russian RevolutionThe Travails of Agricultural and Industrial LifeThe Radical IntelligentsiaThe Revolution of 1905The Russian RevolutionLenin and the BolsheviksThe Failure of the Moderate RevolutionThe New Soviet RegimeThe Russian Civil WarOutcome of the Russian Civil WarThe Rise of the Soviet UnionThe New Economic PolicyStalin and the end of NEPStalin's RevolutionThe Five-Year PlansThe Social Consequences of Stalin's RevolutionThe Cultural RevolutionThe Great PurgeConclusion: The Rise of a Powerful Communist StateWriting History: Analyzing and sorting material into main ideasChapter 11: Fascism and Nazism: Mass Politics and Mass Culture, 1919-1939Biography: Leni ReifenstahlThe Failure of Liberalism and Democracy After World War IThe Fragility of Postwar Parliamentary RegimesIntellectuals' Disillusionment with Liberalism and DemocracyThe Dangers of Mass PoliticsThe Rise of Fascism in ItalyItaly Fascist RegimeHitler and the Origins of the Nazi MovementWeimar Politics and the Rejection of DemocracyWeimar's Undemocratic Institutions The Economic Crisis of 1923The Resolution of the German CrisisMedia and Mass Culture in the Interwar PeriodThe CinemaRadioSportsWomen: Work, Domesticity, and the New "New Woman"The Great DepressionNazismThe Nazi Take-OverThe Nazi RegimeThe Consolidation of Nazi PowerThe Nazi DictatorshipThe New Regime: Dissent and ConsentThe Persecution of the JewsEconomic AchievementsLeisure for the MassesConclusion: The Fascist "Revolution?"Writing History: Creating the complex "noun phrases" of academic writingChapter 12: The Second World War, 1939-1945Biography: Primo LeviThe Enormity of the Second World WarThe Origins of the Second World WarPolitical Economic Decline in BritainEconomy and Politics in FranceGermany Overturns the Treaty of VersaillesThe Spanish Civil WarThe Incorporation of Austria, the Munich Pact, and the Seizure of CzechoslovakiaPrelude to the Second World WarThe War -- Phase I: Hitler's Quest for DominationHitler's Attack on the WestFrom the Battle of Britain to the Early Campaigns in Greece, North Africa, and the Middle EastOperation Barbarossa: The Invasion of RussiaHitler's EuropeThe Nazi PlansThe Terrible ResultsThe Exploitation of EuropeCollaboration and ResistanceThe Case of FranceThe Netherlands and ScandinaviaEastern EuropeCommunists and the Resistance: The Cases of Yugoslavia and GreeceThe Home Front in Britain and GermanyThe HolocaustThe War -- Phase II: The Allies Turn the TideThe Role of the United StatesStalingrad: The Great Turning Point of the WarThe Allied Invasions of the ContinentThe War -- Phase III: From the Liberation of France to the Surrender of GermanyThe Atom Bomb and the End of the War in the PacificConclusion: The Consequences of the WarWriting History: Using passive voice, it-shifts, and what-shifts to tell your reader what matters mostChapter 13: The Postwar, 1945-1970Biography: Elizabeth IIThe Toll of the WarAssessing Responsibility for the WarThe "German Question"The Cold War and the Division of EuropeEconomic RecoveryThe Marshall PlanThe "Economic Miracle"The Communist Take-Over in Eastern EuropeThe Hardening of the Cold WarThe Beginnings of European CooperationStalinist Politics and the Command Economy in Eastern EuropeEuropean IntegrationEuropean Politics in the 1950sThe End of EmpireSoutheast AsiaSouth AsiaAfricaAlgeriaThe Middle EastThe Soviet Union and Its Satellites, 1956-1970sThe Consumer SocietyReligious ReformDisillusionment with Democracy and ConsumerismThe Student RevoltThe 1960s in the EastThe End of the Postwar Economic MiracleConclusion: A European Continent ReshapedWriting History: Using parallelism to make complex ideas easier to read, easier to remember, and easier to believeChapter 14: Economic Dilemmas, European Unity, and the Collapse of Communism, 1970-2010Biography: Mikhail GorbachevStagnation and Decline: the 1970sStagflationImmigration and the Mounting Hostility to Workers from AbroadFixing StagflationThe Politics of TerrorThe New Democracy in Greece, Portugal, and SpainNew Political Movements: Feminism, Gay Rights, and EnvironmentalismDissent and Decline in Eastern EuropeThe Helsinki AccordsEconomic Stagnation in the EastThe Collapse of CommunismGorbachev's Dramatic Reforms1989: The End of Communism in Eastern EuropeEuropean Unification and Its DiscontentsThe Break-up of the Soviet UnionThe Violent Collapse of YugoslaviaThe Challenges of Post-CommunismGerman ReunificationThe Transformation in Eastern Europe and RussiaConclusion: A Fragile European UnityWriting History: Using coordination and subordination to find and fix common punctuation mistakesEpilogue: Europe in the 21st CenturyBiography: Ayaan Hirsi AliThe New Terrorism in EuropeIslam and the Russian FederationRussian Interventions in the Former Soviet UnionThe Crisis of the Eurozone
