Full Description
Beginning with music fundamentals, this text covers all the topics necessary for a thorough understanding of undergraduate music theory by focusing on music in context. The text links each of the tasks that comprise a tonal theory curriculum, explicitly connecting written theory (writing and analysis), skills (singing, playing, and dictation), and music-making outside the theory class. DISTINCTIVE FEATURES * Presents an outstanding quality, quantity, and diversity of exercises geared toward real music and real music situations * Explores not only standard four-voice harmony, but also other musical domains including melody, counterpoint, and a multitude of textures; the result is a text with applicability and relevance to all musicians * Includes almost 4,500 musical examples from the common-practice repertoire in the text and workbooks, more than 90 percent of which are on the CDs included with the text and workbooks-nearly twenty hours of music on MP3 files (all * Revised with beginning students in mind, this edition contains more basic exercises as well as solutions to selected exercises in the text.Longer and more difficult exercises have been moved to the workbooks. * Streamlined and reorganized with fewer chapters (31, down from 37), the text presents the most commonly taught topics in sequence and moves less-common topics-such as invertible counterpoint, compound melody, and motive (covered in chapters 15, 16, and 23 of the previous edition)-to the appendices, where instructors may access them as their individual curriculum permits, or omit them altogether. * This edition offers a new presentation of fundamentals: the first three chapters provide a review and synthesis for students with experience in music fundamentals, and a 75-page appendix introduces key concepts for students with little or no experience. This allows instructors to choose the pacing that best suits their class and individual students. * Numerous musical examples include guiding annotations, with textural and structural reductions of more complex examples. * This edition presents more than 250 new literature excerpts and complete works for analysis and dictation, including new instrumental combinations.* New appendices offer further support: Appendix 5 covers terms and abbreviations used in the text and Appendix 6 includes selected answers to exercises in the text. SUPPORT PACKAGE * The new Companion Website (www.oup.com/us/laitz) provides instructor and student resources that include supplementary drill exercises. * The Instructor's Manual provides solutions to all of the dictation exercises, sample solutions for more than 250 writing (e.g., figured bass and melody harmonization) and analytical exercises, supplementary examples, exercises, and teaching guidelines that detail effective strategies for each chapter. * The two workbooks have been significantly reorganized: Workbook 1 is now dedicated to written and analytical activities, including figured bass, melody harmonization, model composition, and analysis. Workbook 2 covers musicianship skills. Exercises within each chapter of Workbook 2 are organized by activity type: singing arpeggiations of the chord being studied, then within a tune from the literature; two-part singing; dictation; keyboard; then instrumental application.
Contents
PART 1OF THE PITCH REALM ; PITCHES AND PITCH CLASSES ; SCALES ; KEYS ; INTERVALS ; Enharmonic Intervals ; Consonant and Dissonant Intervals ; THE METRICAL REALM ; Meter Signature ; Asymmetrical Meters ; Clarifying Meter ; More Rhythmic Procedures ; Accent in Music ; " Temporal Accents ; " Nontemporal Accents ; Metrical Disturbance ; " Syncopation ; " Hemiola ; CHAPTER 2: HARNESSING CHARACTERISTICS AND WRITING ; CONTROLLING CONSONANCE AND DISSONANCE: Contrapuntal Motions ; " Beginning and Ending First-Species Counterpoint ; " Rules and Guidelines for First-Species (1:1) Counterpoint ; Second-Species Counterpoint ; " Weak-Beat Consonance ; " Weak-Beat Dissonance ; " More on Perfect Consonances ; " Beginning and Ending Second-Species Counterpoint ; " Rules and Guidelines for Second-Species Counterpoint ; CHAPTER 3: MUSICAL DENSITY: TRIADS, SEVENTH CHORDS, AND TEXTURE ; ADDING VOICES: TRIADS AND SEVENTH CHORDS ; Triads ; " Figured Bass ; " Triads and the Scale: Harmonic Analysis ; " Harmony and the Keyboard ; Seventh Chords ; MUSICAL TEXTURE ; Analytical Method ; PART 2: MERGING MELODY AND HARMONY ; CHAPTER 4: WHEN and Register ; Three Techniques to Create Voice Independence within a Four-Voice Texture ; " Technique 1: Smoothness ; " Technique 2: Registral Independence ; " Technique 3: Contrapuntal Independence ; Creating the Best Sound: Incomplete and Complete Chords, Doubling, and Spacing ; " Omitted Chord Tones ; " Doubled Chord Tones ; " Spacing and Voicing ; Summary of MELODY, METER, AND RHYTHM: EMBELLISHMENT AND REDUCTION ; Embellishment ; Reduction ; THE DOMINANT SEVENTH AND CHORDAL DISSONANCE ; Derivation and New Melodic Possibilities ; Part Writing with the Dominant Seventh Chords ; An Analytical Interlude ; HARMONIZING FLORID MELODIES ; SUMMARY ; CHAPTER 7: ARPEGGIATING BASS: IV6 ; DOMINANT EXPANSION WITH PASSING TONES: IV6 ; COMBINING FIRST-INVERSION CHORDS ; SUMMARY ; CHAPTER 8: MORE CONTRAPUNTAL AND REDUCTION AND ELABORATION ; V7 AND ITS INVERSIONS ; V6/5 ; V4/3 ; V4/2 ; Voice-Leading Inversions of V7 ; Combining Inversions of V7 ; COMPOSITIONAL VII7 ; Voice Leading for viio7 ; vii7 ; SUMMARY OF CONTRAPUNTAL EXPANSIONS ; Reduction and Elaboration: Compositional and PART 3: A NEW HARMONIC FUNCTION, THE PHRASE MODEL, AND ADDITIONAL MELODIC AND HARMONIC EMBELLISHMENTS ; CHAPTER 9: THE PRE-DOMINANT FUNCTION AND THE PHRASE MODEL ; THE PRE-DOMINANT FUNCTION ; The Subdominant (IV in Major, iv in Minor) ; The Supertonic (ii in Major, iio in Minor) ; Pre-Dominants and the Stepwise Ascending Bass ; Part Writing for Pre-Dominants ; Extending the CHAPTER 10: ACCENTED AND CHROMATIC EMBELLISHING TONES ; THE ACCENTED PASSING TONE (APT) ; THE CHROMATIC PASSING TONE (CPT) ; THE ACCENTED NEIGHBOR TONE (AN) ; THE CHROMATIC NEIGHBOR TONE (CN) ; THE APPOGGIATURA (APP) ; THE SUSPENSION (S) ; Labeling Suspensions ; Writing Suspensions ; Additional Suspension Techniques ; THE ANTICIPATION (ANT) ; THE PEDAL (PED) ; SUMMARY OF THE MOST COMMON EMBELLISHING TONES ; CHAPTER 11: SIX-FOUR CHORDS, REVISITING CHORDS ; Pedal ; Passing ; Arpeggiating ; ACCENTED SIX-FOUR CHORDS ; Cadential ; " Additional Uses of Cadential Six-Four Chord ; -- As Part of Half Cadences and Authentic Cadences ; -- Preceding V7 ; -- Within a Phrase ; -- Evaded Cadences: Elision and Extension ; -- Triple Meter ; -- Writing Six-Four Chords ; Revisiting the Subdominant ; Summary of Harmonic Paradigms ; Harmonizing Florid Melodies ; CHAPTER 12: THE PRE-DOMINANT REFINES THE PHRASE MODEL ; NONDOMINANT SEVENTH CHORDS: IV7 (IV6/5) AND II7 (II6/5) ; Analyzing Nondominant Seventh Chords ; Embedding the Phrase Model ; Contrapuntal Cadences ; Expanding the Pre-Dominant ; " Passing Chord between ii and ii6 (or between ii6 and ii) ; " Passing Chord between IV and IV6 (or between IV6 and IV) ; " Passing Chord Moving from IV6 (IV6/5) to ii6/5 ; " Restate Tonic Material Up a Step ; SUBPHRASES ; COMPOSITE PHRASES ; SUMMARY OF PART 3 ; PART 4: NEW CHORDS AND NEW FORMS ; CHAPTER 13: THE SUBMEDIANT: A SUBMEDIANT ; The Submediant as Bridge in the Descending-Thirds Progression ; The Submediant in the Descending-Circle-of-Fifths Progressions ; The Submediant as Tonic Substitute in Ascending-Seconds Progressions ; Voice Leading for the Submediant ; " The Descending-Thirds Progression, I-vi-IV ; " The Descending-Fifths Progression, I-vi-ii (or I-vi-ii6) ; " The Ascending-Seconds Progression, V-vi ; CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS ; Tonic and Dominant Embellish the Submediant ; Apparent Submediants ; THE STEP DESCENT IN THE BASS ; CHAPTER 14: THE MEDIANT, THE BACK-RELATING DOMINANT, AND A IN MINOR) ; The Mediant in Arpeggiations ; A Special Case: Preparing the III Chord in Minor ; Voice Leading for the Mediant ; MORE CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS: THE BACK-RELATING DOMINANT AND SYNTHESIS: ROOT MOTION PRINCIPLES ; The Back-Relating Dominant ; Synthesis: Root Motion Principles ; " Compositional AND SOME ANALYTICAL GUIDELINES ; Summary for Analyzing Periods ; COMPOSING PERIODS ; CHAPTER 16: OTHER SMALL MUSICAL STRUCTURES: SENTENCES, DOUBLE PERIODS, AND MODIFIED PERIODS ; THE SENTENCE: AN ALTERNATIVE MUSICAL STRUCTURE ; THE DOUBLE PERIOD ; MODIFIED PERIODS ; Extensions ; Phrase Group ; Asymmetrical Periods ; CHAPTER 17: HARMONIC SEQUENCES ; COMPONENTS AND Descending-Second Sequence in Inversion ; The Descending-Third (D3) Sequence ; " The Descending-Third Sequence in Inversion ; The Ascending-Second (A2) Sequence ; Another Ascending-Second Sequence: A2 (-3/+4) ; Sequences with Diatonic Seventh Chords ; " Sequences with Inversions of Seventh Chords ; 5: FUNCTIONAL CHROMATICISM ; CHAPTER 18: APPLIED CHORDS ; APPLIED DOMINANT CHORDS ; Applied Chords in Inversion ; Tonicized Half Cadences ; Recognizing Applied Chords ; Voice Leading for Applied Chords ; APPLIED LEADING-TONE CHORDS ; INCORPORATING APPLIED CHORDS WITHIN PHRASES ; An Example Composition ; SEQUENCES WITH APPLIED CHORDS ; The D2 (-5/+4) Sequence ; The D3 (-4/+2) Sequence ; The A2 (-3/+4) Applied-Chord Sequence ; Writing Applied-Chord TONICIZATION AND MODULATION ; EXTENDED TONICIZATION ; MODULATION ; Closely Related Keys ; Analyzing Modulations ; Writing Modulations ; Modulation in the Larger Context ; The Sequence as a Tool in Modulation ; CHAPTER 20: BINARY FORM AND VARIATIONS ; BINARY FORM ; Simple Sectional Binary ; Simple Continuous Binary ; Rounded Sectional Binary ; Rounded Continuous Binary ; Balanced Binary Form ; Summary of Binary Form Types ; VARIATION FORM ; EXERCISE 20.1 ; PART 6: EXPRESSIVE CHROMATICISM ; CHAPTER 21: MODAL MIXTURE ; ALTERED PRE-DOMINANT HARMONIES: IIO AND IV ; Application: Musical Effects of Melodic Mixture ; ALTERED SUBMEDIANT HARMONY: BVI ; ALTERED TONIC HARMONY: I ; ALTERED MEDIANT HARMONY: BIII ; VOICE LEADING FOR MIXTURE HARMONIES ; CHROMATIC STEPWISE BASS DESCENTS ; PLAGAL MOTIONS ; MODAL MIXTURE, APPLIED CHORDS, AND OTHER CHROMATIC HARMONIES ; SUMMARY ; CHAPTER 22: EXPANSION OF MODAL MIXTURE HARMONIES: CHROMATIC MODULATION AND THE GERMAN LIED ; CHROMATIC PIVOT-CHORD MODULATIONS ; An Analytical Interlude: Schubert's Waltz in F major ; WRITING CHROMATIC MODULATIONS ; UNPREPARED AND COMMON-TONE MODULATIONS ; ANALYTICAL CHALLENGES ; MODAL MIXTURE AND THE GERMAN LIED ; An Analytical Interlude: Schumann's "Waldesgesprach" ; Analytical Payoff: The Dramatic Role of bVI ; CHAPTER 23: THE NEAPOLITAN CHORD (BII): CHARACTERISTICS, EFFECTS, AND BEHAVIOR ; WRITING THE NEAPOLITAN CHORD ; ; CHAPTER 24: THE AUGMENTED SIXTH CHORD: CHARACTERISTICS, DERIVATION, AND THE AUGMENTED SIXTH CHORD AND MODULATION: REINFORCEMENT ; The Augmented Sixth TERNARY, RONDO, SONATA ; CHAPTER 25: TERNARY FORM ; CHARACTERISTICS ; TRANSITIONS AND RETRANSITIONS ; DA CAPO FORM: COMPOUND TERNARY FORM ; DA CAPO 26: RONDO ; CONTEXT ; THE CLASSICAL RONDO ; Five-Part Rondo ; Coda, Transitions, and Retransitions ; Compound Rondo Form ; Seven-Part Rondo ; " Distinguishing Seven-Part Rondo Form from Ternary Form ; MISSING DOUBLE BARS AND REPEATS ; CHAPTER 27: SONATA FORM ; HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND TONAL BACKGROUND ; THE BINARY MODEL FOR SONATA FORM ; ANALYTICAL PRELUDE: BEETHOVEN, PIANO SONATA IN G MINOR, OP. 49, NO. 1 ; Transition ; Closing Section ; Development and Retransition ; Recapitulation and Coda ; ADDITIONAL Slow Introduction ; Harmonic Anomalies ; OTHER TONAL STRATEGIES ; Three-Key Exposition ; Extended Third-Related STAs ; SONATA RONDO ; ANALYTICAL major, Hob. XVI.35, Allegro con brio ; " Exposition ; " Development ; " Recapitulation ; Mozart, Piano Sonata in Bb Major, K. 333, Allegro ; " 28: NEW HARMONIC TENDENCIES ; TONAL AMBIGUITY: THE PLAGAL RELATION AND RECIPROCAL PROCESS ; TONAL AMBIGUITY: SEMITONAL VOICE LEADING ; Semitonal Voice Leading and Remote Keys ; Analytical Interlude ; THE DIMINISHED SEVENTH CHORD AND ENHARMONIC MODULATION ; Analysis ; Analytical Interlude ; TONAL CLARITY POSTPONED: OFF-TONIC BEGINNING ; DOUBLE TONALITY ; CHAPTER 29: THE ALTERED DOMINANT SEVENTH CHORDS ; THE COMMON-TONE DIMINISHED SEVENTH CHORD ; COMMON-TONE AUGMENTED SIXTH CHORDS ; ANALYTICAL INTERLUDE ; CHAPTER 30: MELODIC AND HARMONIC SYMMETRY COMBINE: CHROMATIC SEQUENCES ; DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN DIATONIC AND CHROMATIC SEQUENCES ; CHROMATIC SEQUENCE TYPES ; The DM2 (-4/+3) Sequence ; The Chromatic Forms of the D2 (-5/+4) Sequence ; The Chromatic Forms of the A2 (-3/+4) Sequence ; OTHER CHROMATIC STEP-DESCENT BASSES ; Six-Three Chords ; Diminished Seventh Chords ; Augmented Sixth Chords ; WRITING CHROMATIC SEQUENCES ; CHROMATIC CONTRARY MOTION ; The EDGE ; SEQUENTIAL PROGRESSIONS ; NONSEQUENTIAL PROGRESSIONS AND EQUAL Chopin, Prelude, op. 28, no. 2 ; Wagner, Tristan und Isolde, "Prelude" ; Scriabin, Prelude, op. 39, no. 2 ; " Intervallic Properties of Key Sonorities ; " Compositional Processes: ; -- A Traditional View ; -- A Radical View ; Charting Musical Sound: Staff and Clef ; Pitch and Pitch Class ; The Division of Musical Space: Intervals ; Accidentals ; Scales ; Enharmonicism ; Scale Degree Numbers and Names ; Specific Scale Types: Major and Minor ; Building Scales in the Major Mode ; Key Signatures and the Circle of Fifths ; Building Scales in the Minor Mode ; Key Signatures in Minor ; Relative Major and Minor Keys ; B. PULSE, RHYTHM, AND METER ; Rhythm and Durational Symbols ; Dots and Ties ; Meter ; " Beat Division and Simple and Compound Meters ; " The Meter Signature ; C. INTERVALS ; Naming Generic Intervals ; Melodic and Harmonic Intervals; Simple and Compound ; Tips for Identifying Generic Intervals ; Naming Specific Intervals ; Transforming Intervals: Augmented and Diminished Intervals ; Interval Inversion ; Generating All Intervals ; " Method 1 ; " Method 2 ; D. TRIADS, INVERSIONS, FIGURED BASS, AND HARMONIC ANALYSIS ; Triads ; " Voicing Triads: Spacing and Doubling ; " Triad Inversion ; " Figured Bass ; -- Analyzing and Composing Using Figured Bass ; -- Additional Figured Bass Conventions: Abbreviations and Chromaticism ; " Triads and the Scale: Harmonic Analysis ; " Roman Numerals ; " Introduction to Harmonic Analysis ; E. SEVENTH CHORDS AND HARMONIC ANALYSIS ; Definitions and Type ; Musical Characteristics of Seventh Chords ; Inverted Seventh Chords ; Analytical Tips ; Seventh Chords and Harmonic Analysis ; 2: INVERTIBLE COUNTERPOINT, COMPOUND MELODY, AND IMPLIED HARMONIES ; INVERTIBLE COUNTERPOINT ; Definitions and Effects ; Invertible Counterpoint below the MELODY ; Definitions ; Implied Harmonies ; 3: THE MOTIVE ; INTRODUCTION ; MOTIVE TYPES ; MOTIVIC REPETITION ; Strict Repetition ; Modified Repetition ; Additional Pitch Transformations ; Rhythmic Transformations ; Developmental Repetitions ; INTER-SECTION AND INTERMOVEMENT MOTIVIC REPETITIONS ; SINGLE-INTERVAL MOTIVES ; HIDDEN MOTIVIC REPETITIONS ; Depth and Surface: Motivic Parallelism ; 4: ADDITIONAL HARMONIC SEQUENCE TOPICS ; COMPOUND MELODY AND IMPLIED SEVENTH CHORD SEQUENCES ; PARALLEL FIRST-INVERSION TRIADS ; SEQUENCES VERSUS SEQUENTIAL PROGRESSIONS ; COMPOSING SEQUENCES WITHIN THE PHRASE MODEL ; 5: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ; 6: SELECTED ANSWERS TO AND EXERCISES
