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Full Description
Modern democracy is organized as a representative democracy in which those representing the people are elected to office. Political parties play a crucial role in this. They select the candidates, form or oppose governments, and organize the work of the representatives in parliament. This model of democracy is however being criticized. Parties are hardly trusted and voters have become volatile. How, then, do elected representatives of the people see and fulfil their role? To study this a survey was organized among the members of statewide and sub-state parliaments in fifteen countries. Members of seventy-three parliamentary assemblies were asked how they perceive their representative role, what they do to keep in touch with voters, how they behave and vote in parliament and how they will try to get re-elected.
One of the ways in which candidates and elected members of parliament might react to the changing conditions in which they have to represent the people is by stressing more personal characteristics as opposed to the party label and party ideology. Representation might then become more a matter of personal choice. The results of the survey presented in this book do however confirm quite strongly that representation is very much shaped by the political institutions in which it is performed. Representation differs between countries, between different electoral systems, between statewide and regional parliaments, and depends strongly on the party to which a member of parliament belongs. Representation depends not as much on who the representatives are, as on where they are.
Contents
1. Representing the People in Parliaments ; 2. Representational Roles ; 3. The Representation and Old and New Groups ; 4. From Agency to Institutions and Back: Comparing Legislators' Acting on on Behalf of Women in Parliamentary Democracies ; 5. Electoral Rules and Legislators' Personal Vote-Seeking ; 6. Agreement, Loyalty and Discipline; A Sequential Approach to Party Unity ; 7. MPs' inter-party Contacts and the Operation of Party Democracy ; 8. Legislators' Constituency Orientation ; 9. Do the Media Set the Agenda of Parliament or is it the Other Way Around? Agenda Interactions Between MPs and Mass Media ; 10. Career Patterns in Multilevel Systems ; 11. The Institutional Constraints of Representation ; Appendix
