P.N.ジョンソン=レアード著/推論の心理学<br>How We Reason

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P.N.ジョンソン=レアード著/推論の心理学
How We Reason

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  • 製本 Paperback:紙装版/ペーパーバック版/ページ数 584 p.
  • 言語 ENG
  • 商品コード 9780199551330
  • DDC分類 153.43

基本説明

New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2006. One of the pioneers in the psychology of reasoning provides an groundbreaking and fascinating account of the psychology of thinking and reasoning.

Full Description

Good reasoning can lead to success; bad reasoning can lead to catastrophe. Yet, it's not obvious how we reason, and why we make mistakes - so much of our mental life goes on outside our awareness. In recent years huge strides have been made into developing a scientific understanding of reasoning. This book by one of the pioneers of the field, Philip Johnson-Laird, looks at the mental processes that underlie our reasoning. It provides the most accessible account yet of the science of reasoning.

We can all reason from our childhood onwards - but how? 'How We Reason' outlines a bold approach to understanding reasoning. According to this approach, we don't rely on the laws of logic or probability - we reason by thinking about what's possible, we reason by seeing what is common to the possibilities. As the book shows, this approach can answer many of the questions about how we reason, and what causes mistakes in our reasoning that can lead to disasters such as Chernobyl. It shows why our irrational fears may become psychological illnesses, why terrorists develop 'crazy' ideologies, and how we can act in order to improve our reasoning. The book ends by looking at the role of reasoning in three extraordinary case histories: the Wright brothers' use of analogies in inventing their flyer, the cryptanalysts' deductions in breaking the German's Enigma code in World War II, and Dr. John Snow's inductive reasoning in discovering how cholera spread from one person to another.

Accessible, stimulating, and controversial, 'How We Reason' presents a bold new approach to understanding one of the most intriguing facets of being human.

Contents

PART I - THE WORLD IN OUR CONSCIOUS MINDS; PART II - THE WORLD IN OUR UNCONSCIOUS MINDS; PART III - HOW WE MAKE DEDUCTIONS; PART IV - HOW WE MAKE INDUCTIONS; PART V - WHAT MAKES US RATIONAL; PART VI - HOW WE DEVELOP OUR ABILITY TO REASON; PART VII - KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, AND PROBLEMS; PART VIII - EXPERT REASONING IN TECHNOLOGY, LOGIC, AND SCIENCE

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