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Full Description
Over the course of the last millennium in Tibet, some tantric yogins have taken on norm-overturning modes of behavior, including provoking others to violence, publicly consuming filth, having sex, and dressing in human remains. While these individuals were called "mad," their apparent mental unwellness was not seen as resulting from any unfortunate circumstance, but symptomatic of having achieved a higher state of existence through religious practice. This book is the first comprehensive study of these "holy madmen," who have captured the imaginations of Tibetans and Westerners alike.
Focusing on the lives and works of three "holy madmen" from the fifteenth century - the Madman of Tsang (Tsangnyon Heruka, or Sangye Gyeltsen, 1452-1507, and author of The Life of Milarepa), the Madman of U (Unyon Kungpa Sangpo, 1458-1532), and the Madman of the Drukpa Kagyu (Drukpa Kunle, 1455-1529). DiValerio shows how literary representations of these madmen came to play a role in the formation of sectarian identities and the historical mythologies of various sects. DiValerio also conveys a well-rounded understanding of the human beings behind these colorful personas by looking at the trajectories of their lives, their religious practices and their literary works, all in their due historical context. In the process he ranges from lesser-known tantric practices to central Tibetan politics to the nature of sainthood, and the "holy madmen" emerge as self-aware and purposeful individuals who were anything but crazy.
Contents
List of Maps and Figures ; Acknowledgments ; Technical Note ; Introduction ; Chapter 1: The Lives of the Madmen of U and Tsang ; History and Hagiography ; The Life of the Madman of U (1458-1532) ; The Life of the Madman of Tsang (1452-1507) ; Chapter 2: Of Scripture and Bone: The Tantric Discipline of the Madmen of U and Tsang ; The Practice of the Observance ; The Secret Practice, the Insane Observance ; "You, the Hero, Glorious Heruka Himself..." ; Tantric Literalism ; Conclusion ; Chapter 3: Sainthood in the Making: The Madmen of U and Tsang in Public ; The Drum Sound of Their Fame ; The Repertoire of Siddha Behavior ; Performing Enlightenment ; "To Spread and Increase the Teachings of the Kagyu" ; Tantric Literalism in Context: Competing Models of Buddhist Holiness ; Conclusion ; Intermezzo: The Relationship between the Madmen of U and Tsang ; Chapter 4: Civil War, Strategic Alliances: The Madmen of U and Tsang in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Tibet ; The Pakmodru-Geluk Partnership ; The Rinpungpa Revolt ; Priestly Alliances and Sectarian Aggression under the Rinpungpas ; Sakya, Kagyu and Rinpungpa Affairs ; "A Mutual Understanding": The Patrons of the Madmen of U and Tsang ; Conclusion ; Chapter 5: Making History: The Later Projects of the Madmen of U and Tsang ; The Projects of the Madman of U and His Disciples ; The Literary School of the Madman of Tsang ; Writing and Printing the Life of Milarepa ; Milarepa the Madman, the Madman as Milarepa ; Putting the Aural Transmission to Paper ; Renovating the Swayambhunath Stupa ; Conclusion ; Chapter 6: Who Was Drukpa Kunle? ; Popular Depictions of Drukpa Kunle ; Drukpa Kunle's Miscellaneous Writings ; The Trajectory of Drukpa Kunle's Life ; Drukpa Kunle's Position in Politics ; Drukpa Kunle the Critic ; Drukpa Kunle and the Holy Madmen ; The Transformation of Drukpa Kunle ; Chapter 7: The Enduring Trope of Holy Madness ; Other Madmen and Madwomen ; The Broader Rhetoric of Madness ; Influencing Deed and Representation within the Madman Tradition ; The Allure of Holy Madness ; Epilogue ; Notes ; Tibetan Spellings ; Works Cited ; Tibetan-language Sources ; European-language Sources ; Interviews ; Index
