Full Description
Addressing topics such as gun control, prison overcrowding, and the death penalty, this book encourages students to think critically about criminal justice policy. Each chapter confronts a timely and contentious issue in the field. The text maintains an awareness of the effect of race and gender on interactions with the criminal justice system, and includes chapters that discuss race and gender directly. In each chapter, the authors consider the ways in which theexamined issue impacts the criminal justice system, politics, and policymaking. The authors have organized the book around the three main elements of the criminal justice system (police, courts, and corrections), and the issues they feature are relevant to both informed citizens and future criminaljustice professionals.
Contents
Table of Contents ; Preface ; About the Authors ; Introduction ; Section I ; Criminal Justice Policy ; Chapter 1 ; The Politics and Policy Dichotomy ; Introduction ; The Role of Politics in the Administration of Justice ; Sources of Law and Policy ; Politics and Legislative Processes and Functions ; Policymaking and Criminal Justice ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Chapter 2 ; Crime Control Versus Due Process ; Introduction ; The Crime Control Model ; The Due Process Model ; The Practical Difference Between the Models ; Crime Control Model Policies ; Due Process Model Policies ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Section II ; Law Enforcement Issues ; Chapter 3 ; The Search for a Guiding Philosophy of Policing ; Introduction ; Variation in the Police ; Stages of Police Development ; The Political Era (1820s-1940s) ; Reform Transition (Late 1800s-Early 1900s) ; The Professional Era (1940-1970) ; Days of Protest - Another Transition (Mid-1960s-Mid-1970s) ; The Community Policing Era (1970-2010) ; Community Policing ; Search for a New Guiding Philosophy for Policing (2010 to Present) ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Chapter 4 ; Police and the Use of Force ; Introduction ; Defining the Terms ; Police and Citizen Interactions ; Influences on the Use of Force ; Laws ; Policies ; Training ; Departmental Practice or Police Culture ; The Characteristics of Individual Officers ; High-Speed Pursuits As Deadly Force ; Less Than Lethal Force ; Police Officer Deaths ; Police Shootings of Civilians ; Remedies for Unauthorized Use of Force ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Chapter 5 ; Gun Control ; Introduction ; Firearms Mortality ; Violent Crime ; Firearms Legislation ; Regulating the Types of Firearms ; Legislating Access to Firearms ; Controlling Firearms Use ; Effectiveness of Gun Control Legislation ; Police Interventions to Reduce Illegal Gun Use ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Section III ; Justice for All, or Just for Some? ; Chapter 6 ; Sentencing ; Introduction ; Getting Tough ; Indeterminate to Determinate Sentencing ; Sentencing Guidelines ; Mandatory Minimum Sentences ; Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Chapter 7 ; Race, Ethnicity, and Justice ; Introduction ; Decision Making in the Criminal Justice System ; Arrest ; Juvenile Detention and Incarceration ; Prosecution ; Adjudication ; Sentencing ; Punishment ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Chapter 8 ; Gender and Justice ; Introduction ; Women As Offenders in the Criminal Justice System ; Arrests ; Detention ; Prosecution and Adjudication ; Criminal Sanctions ; Treatment and Rehabilitation Resources ; Women As Crime Victims ; Women Working in the Criminal Justice System ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Chapter 9 ; Wrongful Convictions ; Introduction ; Scope of the Problem ; Eyewitness Misidentification ; False Confessions and Incriminating Statements ; Informants ; Unvalidated or Improper Forensic Science ; Misconduct ; Ineffective Assistance of Counsel ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Section IV ; The Challenges of Correcting Law-Violating Behavior ; Chapter 10 ; What Are the Alternatives? ; Introduction ; Specialized Courts ; Drug Diversion Programs ; Intermediate Sanctions ; Community-Based Jail Programs ; Parole ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Chapter 11 ; Putting the Brakes on Correctional Populations ; Introduction ; Imprisonment and Crime Control ; The Rising Cost of Corrections ; Indirect Costs of Incarceration ; Rehabilitating Prisoners ; Privatization ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Chapter 12 ; The Death Penalty ; Introduction ; Capital Punishment in America - Evolving Conditions and Practices ; Support for the Death Penalty ; The Death Penalty Today ; Capital Punishment Policy ; The Future of the Death Penalty ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Chapter 13 ; Juvenile Crime and Violence ; Introduction ; Juvenile Crime Trends ; Explaining Changes in Juvenile Crime ; Cycles of Juvenile Justice ; Models for Controlling Juvenile Crime ; Noninterventionist Model ; Rehabilitation Model ; Crime Control Model ; Evidence Based Practice ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Section V ; Public Safety and the Future ; Chapter 14 ; Living in a Post-9/11 World ; Introduction ; Federal Legislation ; The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act ; The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act ; The USA PATRIOT Act ; Homeland Security ; Security Versus Liberty ; The Changing Legal Environment ; Video Surveillance ; Fusion Centers ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Chapter 15 ; Making Sense of Criminal Justice ; Introduction ; Understanding Criminal Justice Policy ; Research and Criminal Justice Policy ; Criminal Justice in the Twenty-First Century ; Conclusions ; Key Terms ; Critical Review Questions ; Writing Assignments ; Recommended Readings ; Case Index ; Author Index ; Subject Index
