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基本説明
New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2006. An advanced textbook. Builds on the foundations of author's successful 1997 book for the Oxford Series in Ecology and Evolution. First book on the rapidly expanding field of reticulate (non-treelike) or network evolution.
Full Description
Even before the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species, the perception of evolutionary change has been a tree-like pattern of diversification - with divergent branches spreading further and further from the trunk. In the only illustration of Darwin's treatise, branches large and small never reconnect. However, it is now evident that this view does not adequately encompass the richness of evolutionary pattern and process. Instead, the evolution of species from microbes to mammals builds like a web that crosses and re-crosses through genetic exchange, even as it grows outward from a point of origin. Some of the avenues for genetic exchange, for example introgression through sexual recombination versus lateral gene transfer mediated by transposable elements, are based on definably different molecular mechanisms. However, even such widely different genetic processes may result in similar effects on adaptations (either new or transferred), genome evolution, population genetics, and the evolutionary/ecological trajectory of organisms. For example, the evolution of novel adaptations (resulting from lateral gene transfer) leading to the flea-borne, deadly, causative agent of plague from a rarely-fatal, orally-transmitted, bacterial species is quite similar to the adaptations accrued from natural hybridization between annual sunflower species resulting in the formation of several new species. Thus, more and more data indicate that evolution has resulted in lineages consisting of mosaics of genes derived from different ancestors. It is therefore becoming increasingly clear that the tree is an inadequate metaphor of evolutionary change. In this book, Arnold promotes the 'web-of-life' metaphor as a more appropriate representation of evolutionary change in all lifeforms.
Contents
Preface ; 1. History of Investigations ; 2. The Role of Species Concepts ; 3. Testing the Hypothesis ; 4. Barriers to Gene Flow ; 5. Hybrid Fitness ; 6. Gene Duplication ; 7. Origin of New Evolutionary Lineages ; 8. Implications For Endangered Taxa ; 9. Humans and Associated Lineages ; 10. Emergent Properties ; Glossary ; Reference ; Index
