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基本説明
Up to date analysis of pension reform in all the major countries in the Americas, including successes and failures.
Full Description
Latin American experiments with pension reform began when Chile converted its public pay-as-you-go system to a system of private individual accounts in the early 1980s. Several other Latin American countries then followed suit, inspired both by Chile's reforms and by World Bank recommendations stressing compulsory government-mandated individual saving accounts. Individual accounts were subsequently introduced in a number of countries in Europe and Asia. Many are now re-evaluating these privatisations in an effort to 'reform the reform' to make these systems more efficient and equitable. This volume is the first to assess pension reforms in this new 'post-privatization' era.
After a discussion on demographic trends in the foreword by Nobel laureate Robert W. Fogel, Section 1 of the book includes chapters on the role of pension system default options, the impact of gender, and a discussion of the World Bank's policies on pension reform. The chapter on the evidence from Chile's new social protection survey points to key lessons from the world's first privatization. Section 2 offers in-depth analysis of several significant reform initiatives in the hemisphere, and includes chapters on the United States, Canada, Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay and Argentina.
The volume provides an unparalleled account of the lessons from pension reform in the Americas, addressing the most pressing policy issues and highlighting a broad range of country experiences.
Contents
Foreword: Toward an Era of Longevity and Wealth ; 1. Overview: Lessons from Pension Reform in the Americas ; PART I: SYSTEM DESIGN AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS ; 2. The Chilean Pension Reform Turns 25: Lessons from the Social Protection Survey ; 3. The Importance of Default Options for Retirement Saving Outcomes: Evidence from the United States ; 4. The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform in Latin America ; 5. Understanding the Gendered Dimensions of Pension Reform ; 6. Reflections on Pension Reform in the Americas: From "Averting the Old-Age Crisis" to "Keeping the Promise of Old-Age Security" and Beyond ; 7. Bounded Rationality in Latin American Pension Reform ; PART II: COUNTRY STUDIES ; 8. Perspectives from the President's Commission on Social Security Reform ; 9. Reforms to Canadian Social Security, 1996/97 ; 10. A Decade of Government Mandated Privately Run Pensions in Mexico: What Have We Learned? ; 11. Pensions in Brazil: Reaching the Limits of Parametric Reform in Latin America ; 12. Costa Rica's Pension Reform: A Decade of Negotiated Incremental Change ; 13. The Peruvian Pension Reform: Ailing or Failing? ; 14. Uruguay: A Mixed Reform ; 15. The Pension System in Argentina ; 16. Epilogue: The Future of Retirement Systems in the Americas
