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Full Description
In 1859, the historian Lord John Acton asserted: 'two great principles divide the world, and contend for the mastery, antiquity and the middle ages'. The influence on Victorian culture of the 'Middle Ages' (broadly understood then as the centuries between the Roman Empire and the Renaissance) was both pervasive and multi-faceted. This 'medievalism' led, for instance, to the rituals and ornament of the Medieval Catholic church being reintroduced to Anglicanism. It led to the Saxon Witan being celebrated as a prototypical representative parliament. It resulted in Viking raiders being acclaimed as the forefathers of the British navy. And it encouraged innumerable nineteenth-century men to cultivate the superlative beards we now think of as typically 'Victorian'—in an attempt to emulate their Anglo-Saxon forefathers.
Different facets of medieval life, and different periods before the Renaissance, were utilized in nineteenth-century Britain for divergent political and cultural agendas. Medievalism also became a dominant mode in Victorian art and architecture, with 75 per cent of churches in England built on a Gothic rather than a classical model. And it was pervasive in a wide variety of literary forms, from translated sagas to pseudo-medieval devotional verse to triple-decker novels. Medievalism even transformed nineteenth-century domesticity: while only a minority added moats and portcullises to their homes, the medieval-style textiles produced by Morris and Co. decorated many affluent drawing rooms. The Oxford Handbook of Victorian Medievalism is the first work to examine in full the fascinating phenomenon of 'medievalism' in Victorian Britain. Covering art, architecture, religion, literature, politics, music, and social reform, the Handbook also surveys earlier forms of antiquarianism that established the groundwork for Victorian movements. In addition, this collection addresses the international context, by mapping the spread of medievalism across Europe, South America, and India, amongst other places.
Contents
Joanne Parker and Corinna Wagner: Introduction
Part One: Medievalism before 1750
1: Philip Schwyzer: King Arthur and the Tudor Dynasty
2: Timothy Graham: Old English and Old Norse Studies to the Eighteenth Century
3: Graham Parry: Validating the English Church
4: Clare Simmons: The Diggers and the Norman Yoke
Part Two: Romantic Period Medievalism
5: David Matthews: The Ballad Revival and the Rise of Literary History
6: Jack Lynch: Medieval Forgery
7: Kirsten Wolf: Grimur Thorkelin, Rasmus Rask, and the Origins of Philology
8: Joseph Crawford: The Romantic Gothic Imagination
9: Tom Duggett: Gothic Ruins and Revivals: The Lake Poet's Architecture of the Past
10: Jim Watt: Sir Walter Scott and the Medievalist Novel
Part Three: Sources
11: Jane Toswell: The Study of Anglo-Saxon Poetry in the Victorian Period
12: Richard Utz: Chaucer Among the Victorians
13: Jane Hawkes: The Later Victorian Recovery of Anglo-Saxon Sculpture: George Forrest Brown (1833-1930), Proctor, Professor, Bishop and Anglo-Saxonist
14: Huw Pryce: The Irish and Welsh Middle Ages in the Victorian Period
15: Sarah Dunnigan and Gerard Carruthers: Scottish Neomedievalism
16: Eleonora Sasso: The Lure of Boccaccio's Medievalism
17: Carl Phelpstead: Eddas, Sagas, and Victorians
18: Francis Gentry: Medievalism as an Instrument of Political Renewal in 19th-Century Germany
19: Elizabeth Emery and Janet T. Marquardt: The Influences of French Medievalism on Victorian Britain
Part Four: Social, Political, and Religious Praxis
20: Will Abberley: Philology, Anglo-Saxonism, and National Identity
21: Richard Gaunt: Toryism and the Young England Movement
22: Dominic Janes: The Oxford Movement, Asceticism and Sexual Desire
23: Ian Haywood: Illuminating Propaganda: Radical Medievalism and Utopia in the Chartist Era
24: Corinna Wagner: Bodies and Buildings: Materialist Medievalism
25: Kathleen Davis and Nadia Altschul: Medievalism and Colonialism: Orientalizing Chile and India in the Age of British Militarized Mercantilism
Part Five: Arts and Architecture
26: William Whyte: Ecclesiastical Gothic Revivalism
27: Jim Cheshire: Victorian Medievalism and Secular Design
28: Alex Bremner: The Gothic Revival Beyond Europe
29: Ayla Lepine: The Pre-Raphaelites: Medievalism and Victorian Visual Culture
30: Jan Marsh: William Morris and Medievalism
31: Rosie Ibbotson: Revisiting the medievalism of the British Arts and Crafts Movement
32: John Haines: Medievalist Music and Dance
Part Six: Literature
33: Elizabeth Helsinger: Pre-Raphaelite Poetry: Medieval Modernism
34: Clare Broome Saunders: Women Writers and the Medieval
35: Marcus Waithe: Building Utopia: The Structural Medievalism of William Morris's News from Nowhere
36: Antony H. Harrison: Mid-to-Late Victorian Medievalist Poetry
37: Heather O'Donoghue: Re-presenting Icelandic Saga Narrative for Victorian Readers
38: Joanne Parker: Anglo-Saxonism and the Victorian Novel
39: Inga Bryden: Tennyson and the Return of King Arthur
