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Forging Germans explores the German nationalization and eventual National Socialist radicalization of ethnic Germans in the Batschka and the Western Banat, two multiethnic, post-Habsburg borderland territories currently in northern Serbia. Deploying a comparative approach, Caroline Mezger investigates the experiences of ethnic German children and youth in interwar Yugoslavia and under Hungarian and German occupation during World War II, as local and Third Reich cultural, religious, political, and military organizations wrestled over young people's national (self-) identification and loyalty. Ethnic German children and youth targeted by these nationalization endeavors moved beyond being the objects of nationalist activism to become agents of nationalization themselves, as they actively negotiated, redefined, proselytized, lived, and died for the "Germanness" ascribed to them.
Interweaving original oral history interviews, untapped archival materials from Germany, Hungary, and Serbia, and diverse historical press sources, Forging Germans provides incisive insight into the experiences and memories of one of Europe's most contested wartime demographics, probing the relationship between larger historical circumstances and individual agency and subjectivity.
Contents
Prologue
Introduction
Part I: The Interwar Period, 1918-1941
1: National Education and Yugoslavia's Donauschwaben Minority Schools, 1918-1941
2: Alternate Fronts: Extra-Curricular Youth Groups and the Interwar Nationalization of Yugoslavia's Donauschwaben
Part II: The Western Banat, 1941-1944
3: Forging Germans under Germany: Conditions of Occupation in the Western Banat, 1941-1944
4: Mobilizing on Germany's Frontier: The Banat's Ethnic German Youth in the Deutsche Jugend and the Waffen-SS, 1941-1944
Part III : The Batschka, 1941-1944
5: Forging Germans under Hungary: Conditions of Occupation in the Batschka, 1941-1944
6: Mobilizing across Borders: The Batschka's Donauschwaben in German and Hungarian Youth and Military Formations, 1941-1944
Conclusion
Appendix
Select Bibliography
