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Full Description
Drawing on material from eighty archives in six different countries worldwide, as well as eyewitness testimonies from over 100 former pupils, Helen Roche presents the first comprehensive history of the Third Reich's most prominent elite schools, the National Political Education Institutes (Napolas / NPEA). The Napolas provided an all-encompassing National Socialist 'total education', featuring ideological indoctrination, premilitary training, and a packed programme of extracurricular activities, including school trips and exchanges throughout Europe and beyond.
Combining all the most seductive elements of reform-pedagogy, youth-movement traditions, and the militaristic ethos of the Prussian cadet schools, the schools took pupils from the age of ten, aiming to train them for leadership roles in all walks of life. Those who successfully passed the gruelling entrance examination, which tested applicants' physical prowess, courage, and alleged 'racial purity' along with their academic abilities, had to learn to live in a highly militarized and enclosed boarding-school community.
Through an in-depth depiction of everyday life at the Napolas, as well as systematic analysis of the ways in which different schools within the NPEA system were shaped by their previous traditions, this study sheds light on the qualities which the Nazi regime desired to instil in its future citizens, whilst also contributing to key debates on the political, social, and cultural history of the Third Reich, demonstrating that the history of education and youth can illuminate the broader history of this era in novel ways. Ultimately, the NPEA can be seen as the Nazi dictatorship's most effective educational experiment.
Contents
Introduction: The Napolas in Historical Context
PART I: GENESIS
1: Foundation and Administration: The Napolas' Position within the Polycratic Nazi State
2: 'Selection', Teaching, and Everyday Life
3: 'Missions' and Extracurricular Activities
PART II: VARIETY WITHIN UNITY
4: The Prussian Paradigm? Resurrecting Cadet-School Traditions at the Former Staatliche Bildungsanstalten
5: Centralism versus Particularism: Harnessing Regional Ambitions and Negotiating Federal Tensions at the NPEA in Saxony, Anhalt, and Württemberg
6: The Annihilation of Tradition? The 'Napolisation' of Humanistic and Religious Foundations
7: Ostmark: The Annexation of the Viennese Bundeserziehungsanstalten and Heißmeyer's 'Dissolution of the Monasteries'
8: The Reichsschulen and the Napolas' Germanizing Mission in Eastern and Western Europe
9: For Girls Only: The NPEA für Mädchen
PART III: NEMESIS
10: The Demands of Total War
11: The Endkrieg and the Last of the Napolas
12: Epilogue: Post-war
Conclusion
