基本説明
Focus on four principles at the core of moral reasoning in health care: respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. Presenting case studies and scenarios, using vivid examples from real events, and drawing from current research, the authors illustrate how these prima facie principles can be broadened to apply to a wide range of conflicts and dilemmas.
Full Description
Building on the best-selling tradition of previous editions, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Sixth Edition, provides a highly original, practical, and insightful guide to morality in the health professions. Acclaimed authors Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress thoroughly develop and advocate for four principles that lie at the core of moral reasoning in health care: respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. Drawing from contemporary research - and integrating detailed case studies and vivid real-life examples and scenarios - they demonstrate how these prima facie principles can be expanded to apply to various conflicts and dilemmas, from how to deliver bad news to whether or not to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments. Illuminating both theory and method throughout, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Sixth Edition, considers what constitutes moral character and addresses the problem of moral status: what rights are due to people and animals, and when.
It also examines the professional-patient relationship, surveys major philosophical theories - including utilitarianism, Kantianism, rights theory, and Communitarianism - and describes methods of moral justification in bioethics. Ideal for courses in biomedical ethics, bioethics, and health care ethics, the text is enhanced by hundreds of annotated citations and a substantial introduction that clarifies key terms and concepts.
Contents
PART I. MORAL FOUNDATIONS ; 1. MORAL NORMS ; Normative and Nonnormative Ethics ; The Common Morality as Universal Morality ; Particular Moralities as Nonuniversal ; Moral Dilemmas ; A Framework of Moral Norms ; Conflicting Moral Norms ; 2. MORAL CHARACTER ; Moral Virtues ; Virtues in Professional Roles ; The Virtue of Caring ; Five Focal Virtues ; Moral Virtues and Action Guides ; Moral Ideals ; Moral Excellence ; 3. MORAL STATUS ; The Problem of Moral Status ; Theories of Moral Status ; From Theories to Practical Guidelines ; Vulnerable Populations ; PART II. MORAL PRINCIPLES ; 4. RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY ; The Nature of Autonomy ; The Capacity for Autonomous Choice ; The Meaning and Justification of Informed Consent ; Disclosure ; Understanding ; Voluntariness ; A Framework of Standards for Surrogate Decision Making ; 5. NONMALEFICENCE ; The Concept of Nonmaleficence ; Distinctions and Rules Governing Nontreatment ; Optional Treatments and Obligatory Treatments ; Killing and Letting Die ; The Justification of Intentionally Arranged Deaths ; Protecting Incompetent Patients ; 6. BENEFICENCE ; The Concept of Beneficence ; Obligatory Beneficence and Ideal Beneficence ; Paternalism: Conflicts Between Beneficence and Autonomy ; Balancing Benefits, Costs, and Risks ; The Value and Quality of Life ; 7. JUSTICE ; The Concept of Justice ; Theories of Justice ; Fair Opportunity and Unfair Discrimination ; Vulnerability and Exploitation ; National Health Policy and the Right to Health Care ; Global Health Policy and the Right to Health ; Allocating, Setting Priorities, and Rationing ; 8. PROFESSIONAL-PATIENT RELATIONSHIPS ; Veracity ; Privacy ; Confidentiality ; Fidelity ; The Dual Roles of Clinician and Investigator ; PART III. THEORY AND METHOD ; 9. MORAL THEORIES ; Criteria for Theory Construction ; Utilitarianism ; Kantianism ; Rights Theory ; Communitarianism ; Convergence of Theories ; 10. METHOD AND MORAL JUSTIFICATION ; Justification in Ethics ; Top-Down Models: Theory and Application ; Bottom-Up Models: Cases and Analogy ; An Integrated Model Using Reflective Equilibrium ; Common-Morality Theory ; INDEX
