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Over the past three decades, racial prejudice in America has declined significantly and many African American families have seen a steady rise in employment and annual income. But alongside these encouraging signs, Thomas Shapiro argues in The Hidden Cost of Being African American, fundamental levels of racial inequality persist, particularly in the area of asset accumulation--inheritance, savings accounts, stocks, bonds, home equity, and other
investments-. Shapiro reveals how the lack of these family assets along with continuing racial discrimination in crucial areas like homeownership dramatically impact the everyday lives of many black families, reversing
gains earned in schools and on jobs, and perpetuating the cycle of poverty in which far too many find themselves trapped. Shapiro uses a combination of in-depth interviews with almost 200 families from Los Angeles, Boston, and St. Louis, and national survey data with 10,000 families to show how racial inequality is transmitted across generations. We see how those families with private wealth are able to move up from generation to generation, relocating to safer communities with
better schools and passing along the accompanying advantages to their children. At the same time those without significant wealth remain trapped in communities that don't allow them to move up, no matter
how hard they work. Shapiro challenges white middle class families to consider how the privileges that wealth brings not only improve their own chances but also hold back people who don't have them. This "wealthfare" is a legacy of inequality that, if unchanged, will project social injustice far into the future. Showing that over half of black families fall below the asset poverty line at the beginning of the new century, The Hidden Cost of Being African American will
challenge all Americans to reconsider what must be done to end racial inequality.
Contents
Part I: Assets
1: The Color of the Safety Net
2: The Cost of Being Black and the Advantage of Being White
3: Inheritance--"That Parent Thing"
Part II: Making Racial Inequality
4: Middle Class in Black and White: How Level is the Playing Field?
5: The Homeownership Crossroad
Part III: Leveraging Assets
6: Where People "Choose" to Live
7: "Getting a Decent Middle Class American Education": Pursuing Advantage in Schools
Conclusion
Appendix I: Tables
Appendix II: Methodology
Notes
Bibliography
Index
