Tasks, Skills, and Institutions : The Changing Nature of Work and Inequality (Wider Studies in Development Economics)

Gradín, Carlos (EDT)/ Lewandowski, Piotr (EDT)/ Schotte, Simone (EDT)

Oxford University Press（2023/06発売）

• 製本 Hardcover:ハードカバー版／ページ数 336 p.
• 言語 ENG
• 商品コード 9780192872241
• DDC分類 331

Full Description

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

The book investigates the trends in earnings inequalities in developing countries to determine the main drivers. Particular attention is paid to extending the most conventional explanations of changes in earnings inequality, based on the relative abundance of skilled and unskilled labour, with recent theories that put the nature of tasks performed by workers in their jobs, rather than their skills, at the centre of the analysis. The latter approach has helped to explain relevant patterns recently observed in the trends in earnings inequality in the US and other industrialized countries. Developed countries have experienced a polarization in earnings and in employment, namely stronger growth in the earnings and jobs for the most and least skilled workers at the expense of those in the middle. This pattern has been attributed to differences in tasks-whether a given job is routine and can be automated or offshored-rather than skills, and has reduced employment and incomes in typical middle-class jobs in manufacturing and services. However, this narrative has been developed in the context of mature industrialized economies on the frontier of technological change that have also seen a large set of activities offshored to emergent economies. Evidence for developing countries, however, is still scarce and faces bigger challenges, both conceptual, and in terms of gathering the necessary data on earnings and task content of jobs. This book presents the main results of the UNU-WIDER project, The Changing Nature of Work and Inequality, aiming to fill this knowledge gap.

Contents

Part One: Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction: the changing nature of work and inequality by Carlos Gradín, Piotr Lewandowski, Simone Schotte, and Kunal Sen
Chapter 2 Data and methodology by Carlos Gradín, Piotr Lewandowski, Simone Schotte, and Kunal Sen

Part Two: Cross-country analysis
Chapter 3 Global divergence in the de-routinization of jobs by Piotr Lewandowski, Albert Park, and Simone Schotte
Chapter 4 Cross-country patterns in structural transformation and inequality in developing countries by Carlos Gradín, Piotr Lewandowski, Simone Schotte, and Kunal Sen

Part Three: Country Studies
Chapter 5 Ghana: employment and inequality trends by Carlos Gradín and Simone Schotte
Chapter 6 South Africa: employment and inequality trends by Haroon Bhorat, Kezia Lilenstein, Morné Oosthuizen, and Amy Thornton
Chapter 7 Tunisia: employment and inequality trends by Minh-Phuong Le, Mohamed Ali Marouani, and Michelle Marshalian
Chapter 8 Bangladesh: employment and inequality trends by Sayema Haque Bidisha, Tanveer Mahmood, and Mahir A. Rahman
Chapter 9 China: employment and inequality trends by Chunbing Xing
Chapter 10 India: employment and inequality trends by Saloni Khurana and Kanika Mahajan
Chapter 11 Indonesia: employment and inequality trends by Arief Anshory Yusuf and Putri Riswani Halim
Chapter 12 Argentina: employment and inequality trends by Roxana Maurizio and Ana Paula Monsalvo
Chapter 13 Brazil: employment and inequality trends by Sergio Firpo, Alysson Portella, Flavio Riva, and Giovanna Úbida
Chapter 14 Chile: employment and inequality trends by Gabriela Zapata-Román
Chapter 15 Peru: employment and inequality trends by Jorge Dávalos and Paola Ballon

Part Four: Conclusions
Chapter 16 Conclusions and policy implications by Carlos Gradín, Piotr Lewandowski, Simone Schotte, and Kunal Sen