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Full Description
Knowledge-making in the field of alternative economies has limited the inclusion of Black and racialized people's experience. In Beyond Racial Capitalism the goal is close that gap in development through a detailed analysis of cases in about a dozen countries where Black people live and turn to co-operatives to manage systemic exclusion. Most cases focus on how people use group methodology for social finance. However, financing is not the sole objective for many of the Black people who engage in collective business forms; it is about the collective and the making of a Black social economy.
Systemic racism and anti-Black exclusion create an environment where pooling resources, in kind and money, becomes a way to cope and to resist an oppressive system. This book examines co-operatives in the context of racial capitalism-a concept of political scientist Cedric J. Robinson's that has meaning for the African diaspora who must navigate, often secretly and in groups, the landmines in business and society. Understanding business exclusion in the various cases enables appreciation of the civic contributions carried out by excluded racial minorities. These social innovations by Black people living outside of Africa who build co-operative economies go largely unnoticed. If they are noted, they are demoted to an "informal" activity and rationalized as having limited potential to bring about social change. The sheer determination of Black diaspora people to organize and build co-operatives that are explicitly anti-racist and rooted in mutual aid and the collective is an important lesson in making business ethical and inclusive.
Contents
Tiffany Willoughby-Herard: Foreword
Preface
Caroline Shenaz Hossein, Sharon D. Wright Austin, and Kevin Edmonds: Introduction: Taking Note of Informality in an Era of Racial Capitalism
I. The Black Americas: Varied Forms of Co-operativism in Canada and the U.S.
1: Caroline Shenaz Hossein: Black Canadian Co-operators and Countering Anti-Black Racism
2: Salewa Olawoye-Mann: Beyond Coping: The Use of Ajo Culture among Nigerian Immigrants to Counter Racial Capitalism in North America
3: Tatiana Benjamin and Sharon D. Wright Austin: The Black Social Economy: Black American Women Using Susu and Co-operatives as Resistance
4: Patricia Campos Medina, Erika Nava, and Sol Aramendi: Tandas and Co-operativas: Understanding the Social Economy of Indigenous Mexican Immigrants Settled in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, and Staten Island, New York
5: Adotey Bing-Pappoe and Amina Mama: Routes out of Racial Capitalism: Black Co-operatives in the U.S.
II. Reflections: On Co-operation in the African Diaspora
6: Kevin Edmonds: Maroons, Rastas and Ganja Co-operatives: The Building of a Black Social Economy in the Eastern Caribbean
7: Silvane Silva: Fighting to Preserve Black Life and Land Rights: A Study of Quilombolas in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
8: Ebun Joseph and Kesiena Mercy Ebenade: Black Irish Women and Esusu: The Case of Self-help among Nigerian Women in Dublin, Ireland
9: Caroline Shenaz Hossein: Caribbean Banker Ladies Remaking Equitable Economies: An Empirical Study on Jamaica, Haiti, Guyana, Trinidad and Grenada
10: Sharon D. Wright Austin: The Black Social and Solidarity Economy as a Site of Politicized Action
Esteban Kelly: Afterword
