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The Oxford Handbook of the Olmecs provides an up-to-date overview of research on this most elaborate of Mesoamerica's foundational cultures (ca. 1450-400 BCE). Few objects of study have sparked more debate in Mesoamerican studies than the role of Olmec culture in the origins of that region's civilizations, with some seeing it as the mother from which all significant cultural developments sprang and others as one of several "sister cultures," each contributing substantially to the emergence of civilization. While acknowledging this debate, this volume moves beyond it with framing articles that discuss the theoretical and social significance of Olmec research, as well as empirical summaries of recent archaeological, art-historical, archaeometric, and environmental research. It also presents topical perspectives on Olmec economy, society, polity, and belief, in addition to forward-looking articles that review the current state and future directions of Olmec research.
Part I introduces the volume with articles on the history of Olmec studies, the theoretical importance of Olmec archaeology, and a review of longstanding debates over Olmec origins. Part II presents recent research on the ecology of the tropical lowland environment and regional settlement pattern studies, while Part III digs deeper into the archaeological record with summaries of recent excavations at key sites in Olman--the "Olmec heartland"-and beyond. Part IV looks beyond the Gulf Coast with up-to-date summaries of the Formative archaeological records in other parts of Mesoamerica, focusing on the local character and social context of participation in interregional networks. Together, Parts II, III, and IV lay the empirical basis for the topical essays that follow in Part V on Olmec subsistence, economy, society, governance, and artistic expression. The volume closes with three comparative articles that reconsider the place of the Olmecs in Mesoamerican studies and anthropological archaeology. The result is one of the most comprehensive and wide-ranging volumes on the Olmec in recent decades.
Contents
1. Introduction: Recent Trends in Olmec Studies
Christopher A. Pool and Carl J. Wendt
Part I: Framing the Olmecs in History, Theory, and Heritage
2. The History of Olmec Studies, 1862-2020: Confusion, Contention, and Consensus
Richard A. Diehl
3. The Olmecs and Archaeological Theory
Rosemary A. Joyce
4. Olmec Origins: One by Land, Two by Sea
Richard A. Diehl
Part II: Environment and Formative Settlement Patterns in Olman
5. Overview: Environment, Polity, and Regional Variation in Olmec Settlement
Christopher A. Pool
6. Formative Settlement in the San Lorenzo Region:
Roberto Lunagómez Reyes
7. Preclassic Settlement in the La Venta Region
William F. Rust
8. The Eastern Olmec: Refining Regional Cultural and Landscape Chronologies During the Epoch of the Hallstatt Plateau
Christopher L. von Nagy
9. Formative Settlement in the San Juan Drainage and Tuxtlas Piedmont
Hirokazu Kotegawa
10. Formative Settlement in the Tuxtla Mountains
Lourdes Budar and Philip J. Arnold, III
11. Formative Settlement on the Western Margin of Olman
Michael L. Loughlin and Christopher A. Pool
Part III: Site-Level Explorations
12. San Andrés and the Archaic Antecedents of Olmec Culture
Mary DeLand Pohl, David L. Lentz, Christopher L. von Nagy, Dolores R. Piperno, Lisa Duff, and Kevin O. Pope.
13. Pre-Olmec and Olmec Rituals and Settlements of the Lower Coatzacoalcos River Basin, Veracruz
Maria del Carmen Rodríguez, Ponciano Ortiz Ceballos, and Alberto Ortiz Brito
14. San Lorenzo: The First Olmec Center
Carl J. Wendt
15. The Cantón Corralito Colony: Two Centuries of Gulf Olmecs Abroad
David Cheetham
16. Discovering La Venta: A Century of Research
Rebecca González Lauck
17. Arroyo Pesquero: A Middle Formative Olmec Ritual Cache
Carl J. Wendt
18. Olmec Horizons at Chiapa de Corzo
Bruce R. Bachand
19. Quiotepec-Oxtotitlan: Olmec in Guerrero? When?
Paul Schmidt, Christopher L. von Nagy, Mary DeLand Pohl, and Eliseo F. Padilla Gutiérrez
20. La Joya, Veracruz: Lessons from an "Alternative Olmec"
Philip J. Arnold, III
21. Tres Zapotes: A Resilient Center in Western Olman
Christopher A. Pool
Part IV: Regional Perspectives from Beyond Olman
22. Early and Middle Formative Interactions and Central Mexico
Wesley D. Stoner and Deborah L. Nichols
23. The Olmec Phenomenon in Morelos
Mario Córdoba Tello, Jaime F. Reséndiz Machón, and Giselle Canto Aguilar
24. The Mixteca Alta
Andrew Balkansky and María T. Palomares Rodríguez
25. What is Olmec in Guerrero?
Gerardo Gutiérrez and Mary E. Pye
26. The Valley of Oaxaca and the Southern Isthmus
Marcus Winter
27. Early and Middle Formative Settlement and Society in the Chiapas Central Depression
Timothy D. Sullivan
28. Olmecs in Soconusco
John E. Clark
29. Pacific Coast of Guatemala
Michael Love and Julia Guernsey
30. The Olmec and the Origins of Maya Civilization
George J. Bey, III
31. Central America
Rosemary A. Joyce and John S. Henderson
Part V: Perspectives on Olmec Economy, Society, and Ritual
Section I: Living and Making
32. The Olmec Diet
Amber M. VanDerwarker and Tanya M. Perez
35. Of Cabbages and Kings: Gulf Olmec Subsistence Strategies
Philip J. Arnold, III and Thomas W. Killion
34. Ceramic Crafting: Early Olmec Style Pottery
Jeffrey P. Blomster, David Cheetham, and Christopher A. Pool
35. Chipped Stone Procurement, Technology, and Use
Charles L.F. Knight
36. Ground Stone Manufacture and Lapidary Carving
Olaf Jaime-Riverón (DR)
37. Bitumen Procurement, Processing, and Use
Carl J. Wendt
Section 2: Meaning, Expression, and Ritual
38. Mortuary Practices during the Preclassic Period
Vera Tiesler and Mónica Rodríguez Pérez
39. Monumental Sculpture
Jill Mollenhauer
40. The Human Form in Portable Art: Figurines, Masks, and Busts
Christopher A. Pool
41. Iconography and Religion
Karl A. Taube
42. The Case for Olmec Writing
Stephen D. Houston
43. Sacred Landscape: Architecture, Cosmology, Ritual
Carolyn E. Tate
Section 3: Organization, Interaction, and Power
44. Rural Residences in the San Lorenzo Hinterland
Robert Kruger and Carl J. Wendt
45. Sex and Gender in Olmec Imagery
Billie Follensbee
46. Olmec Exchange Networks
Hector Neff. Jeffrey P. Blomster, and Michael Glascock, and Wesley D. Stoner
47. Olmec Political Economies
John E. Clark
Part VI: Reconsidering the Olmecs for the Future
48. A View from Olman: Where Do We Go from Here?
Carl J. Wendt
49. Some Anthropological Questions for the Future of Olmec Archaeology
Robert Rosenswig
50. The Olmecs in Global Context
Robert C. Drennan, C. Adam Berrey, and Christian E. Peterson
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