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Full Description
A mere two decades ago it was widely assumed that liberal democracy and the Open Society it created had decisively won their century-long struggle against authoritarianism. Although subsequent events have shocked many, F.A. Hayek would not have been surprised that we are in many ways disoriented by the society we have created. As he understood it, the Open Society was a precarious achievement in many ways at odds with our deepest moral sentiments. His path-breaking analyses argued that the Open Society runs against our evolved attraction to "tribalism" that the Open Society is too complex for moral justification; and that its self-organized complexity defies attempts at democratic governance.
In his final, wide-ranging book, Gerald Gaus critically reexamines Hayek's analyses. Drawing on diverse work in social and moral science, Gaus argues that Hayek's program was manifestly prescient and strikingly sophisticated, always identifying real and pressing problems. Yet, Gaus maintains, Hayek underestimated the resources of human morality and the Open Society to cope with the challenges he perceived. Gaus marshals formal models and empirical evidence to show that our Open Society is grounded on moral foundations of human cooperation originating in our distant evolutionary past, but has built upon them a complex and diverse society that requires us to rethink both the nature of moral justification and the meaning of democratic self-governance. In these fearful, angry and inwardly-looking times, when political philosophy has itself become a hostile exchange between ideological camps, The Open Society and Its Complexities shows how moral and ideological diversity, so far from being the enemy of a free and open society, can be its foundation.
Contents
Preface
Prolegomenon: Hayek's Three Unsettling Theses
1. Beyond Human Nature?
2. Beyond Moral Justification?
3. Beyond Human Governance?
4. Three Enquiries on The Open Society
Part I: The Rise of a Normative Species
5. A Natural History of Moral Order
6. The "Starting Point"
7. The Egalitarian Revolution
8. Self-Interest, Reciprocity and Altruism
9. Internalized, Enforced, Social Rules
10. The Other Side of Morality
11. Cultural Evolution
12. The Rise and (Partial) Fall of Inequality
13. A Complex Moral Species
Part II: The Diversity and Self-Organized Complexity
14. Liberalism and the Open Society
15. Understanding Diversity
16. Autocatalytic Diversity
17. Diversity and Complexity
18. The Morality of Self-Organization
19. The Social Contract
20. A Self-Organization Model
21. Moral Diversity in The Open Society
Part III: The Complexities of Self-Governance
22. Self-Governance
23. Macro Control
24. Macro Structure
25. Strategic Dilemmas and Polycentricity
26. Meso-Level Goal Pursuit
27. Sectoral Policy
28. Self-Governance from The Bottom-Up: Simplifying The Problems Of Governance
29. Our Moral Nature and Governance in the Open Society
30. Liberal Democracy
Epilogue
Appendix A
Appendix B
Bibliography
