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With its clear and conversational writing style, comprehensive coverage, and sophisticated presentation, Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology, Fifth Edition, is regarded by many as the most authoritative marine biology text. Over the course of five editions, Jeffrey Levinton has balanced his organismal and ecological focus by including the latest developments on molecular biology, global climate change, and ocean processes.
Contents
PREFACECHAPTER 1: Sounding the Deep Marine Biology as a DisciplineHistorical Background of Marine BiologyObservation and Hypothesis TestingHabitats and Life Habits: Some DefinitionsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 2: The Oceanic EnvironmentThe Open Oceans and Marginal SeasTopography and Structure of the Ocean FloorThe Ocean Above the SeabedCirculation in the Open Sea: Patterns and CausesSeawater Density and Vertical Ocean CirculationThe Edge of the SeaChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 3: Climate Oscillations and Climate ChangeClimate change: Oscillations and Long-Term TrendsClimate OscillationsGoing Deeper 3.1 The Triple Key to Ocean Climate UnderstandingThe Greenhouse Effect and Changing Ocean ClimateEffects of Climate Change on Sea Level, Circulation, Ocean Chemistry and Biological FactorsGoing Deeper 3.2 SolubilityChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 4: Ecological and Evolutionary Principles of Marine BiologyEcological InteractionsThe Ecological HierarchyInteractions on the Scale of IndividualsThe Population LevelThe Community Level: Structure and Interspecies InteractionsThe Ecosystem LevelSpecies, Genetic Variation, Evolution, and BiogeographyChapter SummaryReview QuestionsMARINE ORGANISMS: FUNCTION AND ENVIRONMENTCHAPTER 5: The Chemical and Physical EnvironmentMeasures of Physiological PerformanceTemperatureHot Topics In Marine Biology 5.1 Keeping Your Legs Warm: A Sea Turtle TaleSalinityOxygenGoing Deeper 5.1 Quantifying the Relationship Between Body Size and Oxygen Consumption RateLightHot Topics in Marine Biology 5.2: Crystal Eyes, Past and PresentChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 6: Life in a Fluid MediumIntroductionDensity, Viscosity, and Reynolds NumberGoing Deeper 6.1 Is Seawater Always Seawater? A Tale from the Regions of Intermediate Reynolds NumberMoving WaterWater Moving over Surfaces and Obstructions, Such as OrganismsUsing Water Motion for Biological AdvantageChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 7: Reproduction, Dispersal, and MigrationEcological and Evolutionary Factors in SexHot Topics In Marine Biology 7.1 A Lover and a FighterReproduction, Demography, and Life CyclesHot Topics In Marine Biology 7.2 Sharks Find Their Way HomeLarval Dispersal: The Long and the Short HaulPlanktonic Larvae: Getting through Major Obstacles to the Final DestinationThe Macroscale: Major Separations Lead to Biogeographic StructurePlanktonic Dispersal: Why Do They Do It?Chapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 8: PlanktonIntroduction and DefinitionsMarine VirusesMarine Bacteria and ArchaeaEukaryotic PhytoplanktonZooplanktonGelatinous ZooplanktonMolecular Techniques to Identify Planktonic Microorganismal DiversityChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 9: Marine Vertebrates and Other Nekton CephalopodsFishMammalsHot Topics In Marine Biology 9.1 Whales and Wonder DogsMarine BirdsMarine ReptilesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 10: The Open Sea: Distributions and AdaptationsSpatial Processes that Create Plankton Patches in the Open SeaHot Topics in Marine Biology 10.1 Blue Whale Diving: Balancing Food and Energy NeedsMovement of Nekton on Local and Ocean-Level ScalesDescending to the Depths - Organic Matter Transfer and Adaptations to Infrequent Meals and Low LightThe Big Picture: Scales of Processes in Time and SpaceChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 11: Processes in the Water ColumnCritical Factors in Plankton AbundanceThe Seasonal Pattern of Plankton AbundanceWater Column Parameters and the Spring Diatom IncreaseLightGoing Deeper 11.1 The Basics of PhotosynthesisNutrients Required by PhytoplanktonRate of Nutrient UptakeHarmful Algal BloomsPhytoplankton Succession and the Paradox of Phytoplankton CoexistenceHot Topics In Marine Biology 11.1 Angry Birds and Lost Seals: Solution of the Effects of a Mysterious PoisonThe Microbial Loop: Nutrient Cycling by Viruses, Heterotrophs, and ChemoautotrophsZooplankton Grazing in the SeaGoing Deeper 11.2 Quantification of the Effect of GrazingChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 12: Productivity, Food Webs, and Global Climate ChangeProductivity and BiomassFood Webs and Food ChainsMeasuring Primary ProductivityGoing Deeper 12.1 How to Calculate Productivity Using the Oxygen TechniqueGoing Deeper 12.2 Using the Radiocarbon Technique to Estimate ProductivityGeographic Distribution of Primary ProductivityGlobal Climate Change and the Global Carbon PumpChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 13: Benthic Microorganisms, Seaweeds, and Sea GrassesThe Big Picture: Domains of LifeBacteriaEukaryaSea GrassesChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 14: The Diversity of Benthic Marine InvertebratesHot Topics In Marine Biology 14.1 Where Did All This Invertebrate Diversity Come From?Kingdom Protista: Single-Celled OrganismsPhylum Porifera: Sponges, Simplest of AnimalsPhylum Cnidaria: Hydrozoans, Jellyfish, Anemones, and CoralsPhylum Platyhelminthes: FlatwormsPhylum Nemertea: Ribbon WormsPhylum Nematoda: RoundwormsPhylum Annelida: Segmented WormsPhylum Sipuncula: Peanut WormsPhylum Pogonophora: Gutless WondersPhylum Mollusca: Shelled Invertebrates (Mostly)Phylum Arthropoda: Jointed AppendagesThe Lophophorate PhylaPhylum Bryozoa: Moss AnimalsPhylum Brachiopoda: Lingulas and LampshellsPhylum Phoronida: Wormlike Animals with a LophophorePhylum Echinodermata: Animals with Fivefold SymmetryPhylum Chordata: The Sea SquirtsChapter Summary Review Questions CHAPTER 15: Benthic Life HabitsIntroductionLife in Mud and SandGoing Deeper 15.1 Measuring Grain Size of SedimentsDeposit Feeding in Soft SedimentsSuspension FeedingBenthic CarnivoresBenthic HerbivoresChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCOASTAL BENTHIC ENVRIONMENTSCHAPTER 16: The Tidelands: Rocky Shores, Soft-Substratum Shores, Marshes, Mangroves, Estuaries, and Oyster ReefsRocky Shores and Exposed BeachesSoft-Sediment Interactions in Protected Intertidal AreasInvasions and the Reorganization of Intertidal CommunitiesHot Topics In Marine Biology 16.1 Seastar Catastrophe: Disease, Its Spread and Its DiagnosisSpartina Salt MarshesMangrove ForestsEstuariesOyster ReefsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 17: The Shallow Coastal Subtidal: Sea Grass Beds, Rocky Reefs, Kelp Forests, and Coral ReefsSea Grass BedsThe Rocky Reef-Kelp Forest SystemSubtidal Rocky ReefsHot Topics In Marine Biology 17.1 Reorganization of a Rocky Subtidal Ecosystem: A Cod and Lobster TaleKelp ForestsCoral ReefsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 18: Benthos from the Continental Shelf to the Deep SeaThe Subtidal LandscapeSampling the Subtidal Soft-Bottom BenthosSediment Type and Benthic DistributionThe Deep-Sea GradientThe Shelf-Deep-Sea GradientDeep-Sea Island Hotspots of High DiversityPressure ChangeChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 19: Polar Marine BiologyIntroductionArctic Marine SystemsAntarctic Marine SystemsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 20: Biodiversity and Conservation of the OceanDiversity, Speciation, Extinction, and Biogeographic FactorsMajor Gradients of Species DiversityGoing Deeper 20.1 Measuring Biodiversity in Terms of Species Number and Relative DistributionExplanations of Regional Diversity DifferencesConserving Marine BiodiversityMarine InvasionsChapter Summary Review QuestionsCHAPTER 21: Fisheries and Food from the SeaThe Fishery Stock and Its VariabilityStocks and MarkersFishing Techniques and Their EffectsLife History and Stock SizeStock Health and ProductionGoing Deeper 21.1 A Simple Model to Explain the Stock-Recruitment Model and Maximum Sustainable YieldGoing Deeper 21.2 Age-Based or Life-History Stage-Based Population ModelsFisheries Impact and ManagementHot Topics in Marine Biology 21.1 Fin-Ale for Sharks?Causes and Cures of Stock ReductionOverexploitation of Whales: A Case HistoryOther Types of LossDisease as a Major Danger to Coastal FisheriesMaricultureHot Topics in Marine Biology 21.2 Shellfisheries: Which Will Fall to Ocean Acidification?Drugs from the Sea: Marine Natural ProductsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsCHAPTER 22: Environmental Impacts of Industrial Activities and Human PopulationsHuman Effects on the Marine EnvironmentMeasuring the Impact of Pollutants on Populations and CommunitiesToxic SubstancesHot Topics In Marine Biology 22.1 Is the Gulf of Mexico Adapted to Oil?Nutrient Input and EutrophicationThermal Pollution and Power Station Fish MortalityGlobal Environmental Change and the OceanChapter SummaryReview QuestionsBONUS MOLECULAR TOOLS CHAPTER ONLINEIntroductions and DefinitionsGenomicsBiodiversity Through MetagenomicsProteomicsChapter SummaryReview QuestionsGLOSSARYMARINE BIOLOGY JOURNALSINDEX
