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Cultures of the Westwhich the major ideas and passions of Western culture developed, internally, and how they interacted with the broader world--for good and for ill. The development of such key ideas as religion, science, and philosophy form the central narrative of this book.Cultures of the West stands apart from other textbooks in a variety of ways, the first beingthematic unity. What did people think and believe, throughout our history, about human nature, the right way to live, God, the best forms of government, or the meaning of human life? Rather than maintaining a singleinterpretive stance, author Clifford R. Backman relies upon a consistent set of questions: What did people think and feel throughout the centuries about politics, science, religion, and sex? How did they come to their positions regarding the right way to live? Backman's many years of experience in the classroom have informed his approach--students respond to engaging questions more than they are inspired by facts.
Contents
12. Renaissances and Reformations, 1350-1563Rebirth or Culmination?The Political and Economic MatrixThe Renaissance AchievementChristian HumanismErasmus: Humanist Scholar and Social CriticMartin Luther: The Gift of SalvationLuther's Rebellion against the ChurchThe Reformation Goes InternationalCalvin: Protestantism as TheologyThe Godly SocietyThe Rebirth of SatireCatholic Reform and the Council of TrentThe Society of JesusWhat about the Orthodox East?13. Worlds Old and New, 1450-1700European Voyages of DiscoveryNew Continents and ProfitsConquest and EpidemicsThe Copernican DramaGalileo and the Truth of NumbersInquisition and InquiryThe Revolution BroadensThe Ethical Costs of ScienceThe Islamic Retreat from ScienceThinking about TruthNewton's Mathematical Principles14. The War of All against All, 1540-1648From the Peace of Augsburg to the Edict of Nantes: French Wars of ReligionStrife and Settlement in EnglandDutch Ascendancy and Spanish EclipseThe Thirty Years' WarEnemies Within: The Hunt for WitchesThe Jews of the East and WestThe Waning of the SultanateNew Centers of Intellectual and Cultural LifeWars of Religion: The Eastern FrontEconomic Change in an Atlantic World15. From Westphalia to Paris: Regimes Old and New, 1648-1750The Peace of Westphalia: 1648The Argument for TyrannyThe Social ContractAbsolute PoliticsPolice StatesSelf-Indulgence with a Purpose: The Example of VersaillesMercantilism and AbsolutismMercantilism and PovertyDomesticating Dynamism: Regulating CultureThe Control of Private LifeEngland's Separate Path: The Rise of Constitutional MonarchyOttoman AbsolutismPersian AbsolutismThe International Economy in a Mercantilist AgeThe Slave Trade and Domestic SubjugationThe Return of Uncertainty16. The Enlightened, 1690-1789The Enlightenment EnterpriseLearning from Our Worst MistakesA New World of IdeasVoltaire and the Limits of OptimismThe Radical Thought of RousseauThe Jewish EnlightenmentThe Jews and Europe's AmbivalenceThe UnenlightenedAssessing the Enlightenment17. The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789-1815A Revolution in Western History?Revolutionary RoadThe Enlightened RevolutionThe Revolution Turns RadicalHow to Judge a RevolutionNapoleonThe Rush to EmpireThe Continental SystemDownfallRevolution in the Colonies18. Industrialization and Its Discontents, 1750-1850Britain's Head StartInnovation and InfrastructureTrying to Catch Up to BritainTrying to Catch Up to Europe: The Ottoman EmpireLife in the Industrial AgeRiots and RepressionWomen and Children LastThe Romantic Generation19. The Birth of Modern Politics, 1815-1848Conservatism in PowerRoyalism and Its OpponentsThe Moral Component of ConservatismThe Challenge of LiberalismRebellion and ReformResponses to Liberal CapitalismThe Revolutions of 1848Karl Marx and RevolutionThe Collapse of the Concert of EuropeWomen in a Conservative Age20. Nationalism and Identity, 1800-1900Nationalism in TheoryNationalism in Practice: France, Italy, and GermanyFrustrated Nationalism: Hungary and IrelandJewish IdentitiesIslamic NationalismsReforming Islam21. The Modern Woman, 1860-1914The Appetite for ReformWhose Rights Come First?Suffragists and SuffragettesLove and SexThe Female IdentityEducation and WorkThe "Woman Question" for Muslims22. The Challenge of Secularism, 1800-1914Who Killed God?The Theory of CreationDarwin and Evolution by Natural SelectionA Secular UniverseNietzsche and the Will to PowerArt for Art's SakeThe Illness of Western SocietyFreud and PsychoanalysisModernism: The First WaveThe Catholic CounterattackModernism, Secularism, and the JewsThe Islamic Exception23. The Great Land Grab, 1870-1914"The White Man's Burden"The Second Industrial RevolutionLooking OverseasMissionary EuropeIndustrial Warfare and Command EconomiesWestern Ways: Emulation and Resistance24. The World at War (Part I), 1914-1918The Run-Up to WarThe Balance of PowerA New Map of HellThe War in the TrenchesThe Home FrontOfficers and GentlemenRussia's RevolutionBolshevism and the Laws of HistoryHow Not to End a WarYoung Turks25. Radical Realignments, 1919-1939History for BeginnersParceling Out NationsNew Rights and New EconomiesThe Great DepressionThe Search for Someone to BlameModernism: The Second WaveThe Rise of Fascism: Italy and SpainNazism in GermanyOppression and Terror in RussiaA New Deal?Appeasement and Pacifism26. The World at War (Part II), 1937-1945The War in EuropeWar in the PacificAtomic FissuresWomen in, and against, FascismAtrocities and HolocaustMaking AmendsThe United Nations and Human RightsWorld War II and the Middle EastArab Nationalism and Growing Zionism27. Theater of the Absurd: The Postwar World, 1945-1968Setting to WorkAlienation and the AbsurdThe Cold WarDecolonization in a Cold War WordRise of the Welfare StateSocial Conservatism and Economic LiberalismThe Postwar BoomTurning Point: 1967-1968The Female FactorWomen, Islam, and the State28. Something to Believe In, 1960-1988A Generation of RebellionBig Science and Expanding SecularismAnother Catholic ReformationPostwar ProtestantismJewish Revival and ConflictInternational Judaism and the State of IsraelIslamic RevolutionsBa'athism and Brotherhood29. Global Warmings, Since 19891989: One Year, Three CrisesThe United States of EuropeEconomic GlobalizationWar and Peace, from the Balkans to PakistanIslam and Its DiscontentsWhy Terrorism?"Why Do They Hate Us?"Israel, Palestine, and the Arab SpringWomen and the Global WorldDebt, Taxes, and LibertyFree Market? What Free Market?What Is the Greater West Now?
