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Full Description
The key scientific discoveries of the 21st century will emerge from the biosciences. These discoveries will impact our lives in ways we can only now begin to imagine. In this book, two of the field's leading experts help us imagine those impacts. Paul and Joyce A. Schoemaker tour the remarkable field of biosciences as it stands today, and preview the directions and innovations that are most likely to emerge in the coming years. They offer a clear, non-technical overview of crucial current developments that are likely to have enormous impact, and address issues ranging from increased human longevity to global warming, bio-warfare to personalized medicine. Along the way, they illuminate each of the exciting technologies and hot-button issues associated with contemporary biotechnology - including stem cells, cloning, probiotics, DNA microarrays, proteomics, gene therapy, and a whole lot more. The Schoemakers identify emerging economic, political, and technical drivers and obstacles that are likely to powerfully impact the way the biosciences progress. Then, drawing on Paul Schoemaker's unsurpassed experience helping global organizations prepare for the future, the authors sketch multiple long-term scenarios for the biosciences - and reveal how they will impact your health, family, career, society, even the Earth itself.
Contents
Foreword xiiPreface xivChapter 1 Living well beyond 100 1Great progress made, much more to come 1Medical challenges and promises 4Living well versus living longer 7Social challenges and promises 10Can we afford old age? 11Government and business 13The journey ahead 17Chapter 2 A short history of biomedicine 21Improving hygiene 21The power of immunology 23Monoclonal antibodies 24The discovery of antibiotics 25The DNA revolution 26Recombinant DNA and cloning 27Biotechnology 29Unraveling the code 31Conclusion 33Chapter 3 Snapshot of the biosciences 35DNA-based technologies 35Genomics 37Genetic testing 37DNA chips 39Pharmacogenetics 40Cloning 41Gene therapy 43RNA-based technologies 45Antisense technology 45RNA interference (RNAi) 46Protein-based technologies 46Vaccines 47Monoclonal Antibodies 48Proteomics 49Cell-based and other technologies 50Stem cells 50Antimicrobials 51Conclusion 52Chapter 4 Bio-driven convergence 57Converging technologies 58Telemedicine 58Remote diagnostics 59Biological drug factories 59Biochips 59Tissue engineering 60Imaging 61Multidirectional synergies 62Shifting industry boundaries 64Healthcare and IT 65Medical information handling 65Medical data storage 66Computers and drug discovery 66Remote monitoring and the wired home 67Reshaping bioinformatics 67Bioinformatics and gene banks 69Personalized medicine 70Systems biology and holistic medicine 70Biosensors 72Nano devices 72Commercialization challenges 73Technological challenges: biocompatibility 74Regulatory challenges: clinical safety and efficacy 74Political challenges: privacy and ownership 74Social challenges: consumer advocacy 75The road ahead 76Chapter 5 The business of biomedicine 79The pharmaceutical industry 79Diminishing drug pipelines 82The biotechnology sector 85Medical device industry 89Cardiovascular device segment 89Orthopedic device segment 91Neurological device segment 91Medical diagnostics industry 92Laboratory testing 93Point-of-care (POC) patient monitoring and diagnosis 94Prevention and disease management 95Conclusions 97Chapter 6 Healthcare under stress 101Stress in developed nations 103Healthcare funding 104Major diseases of the developed world 105Cardiovascular diseases 106Cancer 106Stress in developing nations 107Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 109Malaria 111Which technologies will succeed? 113Illustrative cases 114AIDS and malaria 115Cardiovascular diseases 115Cancer 116Chapter 7 Wildcards for the future 125Trends versus uncertainties 125Wildcards 127Society and politics 127Public support of the biosciences? 127A major pandemic? 129Biotech rogue states? 130Science and technology 131Raging success or major meltdown? 131Role of complementary industries? 132Intellectual property regimes? 133Qualified staff for healthcare and research? 133Business and economics 134Economic growth and global power shifts? 134Venture capital and other funding sources? 135Climate change and resource scarcity? 135A scenario framework 136The first overarching uncertainty: technological success 137The second overarching uncertainty: societal acceptance 137Multiple scenarios are possible 138The role of stakeholders 141Chapter 8 Scenarios up to 2025 143Bio gridlock scenario 143The view from 2025 143How we got here 145The world we live in 150Analogous cases 151Golden age scenario 153The view from 2025 154How we got here 154The world we live in 158Analogous case: information technology 160Chapter 9 What it all means 163You and your family 163At work 168Business and commerce 170Society at large 172Appendix A DNA, RNA, and protein 177Molecules of inheritance 177The structure of DNA 178Cracking the code 179Making proteins 180Regulating gene expression 181Appendix B Cloning genes 183Restriction enzymes 183Cloning procedure 184Appendix C Complexity of the genome 187Non-Coding RNAs 187SNP variations 188Glossary of Biomedical Terms 191Acknowledgments 199About the Authors 201Index 203
