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Full Description
The Definitive Guide to LTE Technology Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is the next step in the GSM evolutionary path beyond 3G technology, and it is strongly positioned to be the dominant global standard for 4G cellular networks. LTE also represents the first generation of cellular networks to be based on a flat IP architecture and is designed to seamlessly support a variety of different services, such as broadband data, voice, and multicast video. Its design incorporates many of the key innovations of digital communication, such as MIMO (multiple input multiple output) and OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), that mandate new skills to plan, build, and deploy an LTE network. In Fundamentals of LTE, four leading experts from academia and industry explain the technical foundations of LTE in a tutorial style-providing a comprehensive overview of the standards. Following the same approach that made their recent Fundamentals of WiMAX successful, the authors offer a complete framework for understanding and evaluating LTE.Topics includeCellular wireless history and evolution: Technical advances, market drivers, and foundational networking and communications technologiesMulticarrier modulation theory and practice: OFDM system design, peak-to-average power ratios, and SC-FDE solutionsFrequency Domain Multiple Access: OFDMA downlinks, SC-FDMA uplinks, resource allocation, and LTE-specific implementationMultiple antenna techniques and tradeoffs: spatial diversity, interference cancellation, spatial multiplexing, and multiuser/networked MIMOLTE standard overview: air interface protocol, channel structure, and physical layersDownlink and uplink transport channel processing: channel encoding, modulation mapping, Hybrid ARQ, multi-antenna processing, and morePhysical/MAC layer procedures and scheduling: channel-aware scheduling, closed/open-loop multi-antenna processing, and morePacket flow, radio resource, and mobility management: RLC, PDCP, RRM, and LTE radio access network mobility/handoff procedures
Contents
Foreword xvii Preface xixAcknowledgments xxiAbout the Authors xxiiiList of Acronyms xxvChapter 1: Evolution of Cellular Technologies 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Evolution of Mobile Broadband 31.3 The Case for LTE/SAE 231.4 Key Enabling Technologies and Features of LTE 281.5 LTE Network Architecture 331.6 Spectrum Options and Migration Plans for LTE 351.7 Future of Mobile Broadband-Beyond LTE 391.8 Summary and Conclusions 41Part I: LTE Tutorials 45Chapter 2: Wireless Fundamentals 472.1 Communication System Building Blocks 472.2 The Broadband Wireless Channel: Path Loss and Shadowing 482.3 Cellular Systems 562.4 The Broadband Wireless Channel: Fading 622.5 Modelling Broadband Fading Channels 692.6 Mitigation of Narrowband Fading 822.7 Mitigation of Broadband Fading 922.8 Chapter Summary 94Chapter 3: Multicarrier Modulation 993.1 The Multicarrier Concept 1003.2 OFDM Basics 1033.3 OFDM in LTE 1093.4 Timing and Frequency Synchronization 1103.5 The Peak-to-Average Ratio 1163.6 Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) 1243.7 The Computational Complexity Advantage of OFDM and SC-FDE 1273.8 Chapter Summary 130Chapter 4: Frequency Domain Multiple Access: OFDMA and SC-FDMA 1334.1 Multiple Access for OFDM Systems 1344.2 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) 1384.3 Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) 1424.4 Multiuser Diversity and Opportunistic Scheduling 1444.5 OFDMA and SC-FDMA in LTE 1524.6 OFDMA System Design Considerations 1554.7 Chapter Summary 160Chapter 5: Multiple Antenna Transmission and Reception 1675.1 Spatial Diversity Overview 1685.2 Receive Diversity 1715.3 Transmit Diversity 1745.4 Interference Cancellation Suppression and Signal Enhancement 1865.5 Spatial Multiplexing 1925.6 How to Choose Between Diversity, Interference Suppression, and Spatial Multiplexing 2005.7 Channel Estimation and Feedback for MIMO and MIMO-OFDM 2025.8 Practical Issues That Limit MIMO Gains 2085.9 Multiuser and Networked MIMO Systems 2095.10 An Overview of MIMO in LTE 2135.11 Chapter Summary 215Part II: The LTE Standard 225Chapter 6: Overview and Channel Structure of LTE 2276.1 Introduction to LTE 2286.2 Hierarchical Channel Structure of LTE 2346.3 Downlink OFDMA Radio Resources 2416.4 Uplink SC-FDMA Radio Resources 2516.5 Summary and Conclusions 255Chapter 7: Downlink Transport Channel Processing 2577.1 Downlink Transport Channel Processing Overview 2577.2 Downlink Shared Channels 2687.3 Downlink Control Channels 2767.4 Broadcast Channels 2837.5 Multicast Channels 2847.6 Downlink Physical Signals 2857.7 H-ARQ in the Downlink 2907.8 Summary and Conclusions 293Chapter 8: Uplink Transport Channel Processing 2958.1 Uplink Transport Channel Processing Overview 2968.2 Uplink Shared Channels 2988.3 Uplink Control Information 3018.4 Uplink Reference Signals 3098.5 Random Access Channels 3138.6 H-ARQ in the Uplink 3158.7 Summary and Conclusions 317Chapter 9: Physical Layer Procedures and Scheduling 3199.1 Hybrid-ARQ Feedback 3199.2 Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) Feedback 3229.3 Precoder for Closed-Loop MIMO Operations 3339.4 Uplink Channel Sounding 3379.5 Buffer Status Reporting in Uplink 3379.6 Scheduling and Resource Allocation 3399.7 Semi-persistent Scheduling for VoIP 3449.8 Cell Search 3469.9 Random Access Procedures 3489.10 Power Control in Uplink 3509.11 Summary and Conclusions 352Chapter 10: Data Flow, Radio Resource Management, and Mobility Management 35510.1 PDCP Overview 35910.2 MAC/RLC Overview 36310.3 RRC Overview 36910.4 Mobility Management 37110.5 Inter-cell Interference Coordination 37710.6 Summary and Conclusions 380Index 383