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Full Description
Plan, implement, and manage VMware's radically simple, enterprise-class software-defined storage platformVMware's Virtual SAN has rapidly proven itself in environments ranging from hospitals to oil rigs to e-commerce platforms. Along the way, it has matured to offer unsurpassed features for data integrity, availability, and space efficiency. Virtual SAN 6.x makes all-flash storage practical for even more use cases, while radically simplifying IT operations and supporting the transition to hyper-converged infrastructures (HCI). Now, the authors of Essential Virtual SAN (VSAN) have thoroughly updated their definitive guide to this transformative technology. Writing for vSphere administrators, architects, and consultants, Cormac Hogan and Duncan Epping explain what Virtual SAN is, how it has evolved, what it now offers, and how to gain maximum value from it.Hogan and Epping draw on unsurpassed experience shaping Virtual SAN and helping VMware customers deploy it. They offer expert insight into preparation, installation, configuration, policies, provisioning, clusters, and more. You'll also find practical guidance for using its new Health and Performance Services to gain end-to-end visibility into infrastructure and resource consumption. Both an up-to-the-minute reference and hands-on tutorial, Essential Virtual SAN, Second Edition uses realistic examples to demonstrate the immense power of Virtual SAN 6.x. You'll learn all you need to successfully plan and deploy the newest versions, and operate them smoothly and efficiently.COVERAGE INCLUDES:Understanding the goals and concepts of Software-Defined Storage and Virtual SAN Meeting updated requirements for safe Virtual SAN 6.x implementation Architecting, installing, and configuring Virtual SAN for your unique environment Simplifying deployment with VM storage policies and provisioning Controlling availability, performance, and reliability Efficiently managing and maintaining Virtual SAN Providing resiliency and scale-out storage functionality Designing and sizing clusters (with examples) Using stretched clusters to address rigorous downtime requirements Applying valuable new features such as deduplication, compression, checksums, and encryption Using Health and Performance Services to troubleshoot hardware, configurations, and performance
Contents
Foreword by Christos Karamanolis xviiAbout the Author xixAbout the Technical Reviewers xxiAcknowledgments xxiiiWe Want to Hear from You! xxv1 Introduction to VSAN 1Software-Defined Datacenter 1Software-Defined Storage 2Hyper-Convergence/Server SAN Solutions 3Introducing Virtual SAN 4What Is Virtual SAN? 6What Does VSAN Look Like to an Administrator? 9Summary 122 VSAN Prerequisites and Requirements for Deployment 13VMware vSphere 13ESXi 14Cache and Capacity Devices 14ESXi Boot Considerations 15VSAN Requirements 15VMware Hardware Compatibility Guide 16VSAN Ready Nodes 16Storage Controllers 17Capacity Tier Devices 19Cache Tier Devices 21Network Requirements 22Network Interface Cards 22Supported Virtual Switch Types 22Layer 2 or Layer 3 23VMkernel Network 23VSAN Network Traffic 24Jumbo Frames 24NIC Teaming 25Network I/O Control 25VSAN Stretched Cluster 25VSAN 2-Node Remote Office/Branch Office (ROBO) 26Firewall Ports 26Summary 263 VSAN Installation and Configuration 29VSAN Networking 29VMkernel Network for VSAN 30VSAN Network Configuration: VMware Standard Switch 31VSAN Network Configuration: vSphere Distributed Switch 32Step 1: Create the Distributed Switch 32Step 2: Create a Distributed Port Group 33Step 3: Build VMkernel Ports 34Possible Network Configuration Issues 38Network I/O Control Configuration Example 40Design Considerations: Distributed Switch and Network I/O Control 42Scenario 1: Redundant 10 GbE Switch Without "Link Aggregation" Capability 43Scenario 2: Redundant 10 GbE Switch with Link Aggregation Capability 45Creating a VSAN Cluster 48vSphere HA 49vSphere HA Communication Network 49vSphere HA Heartbeat Datastores 50vSphere HA Admission Control 50vSphere HA Isolation Response 51vSphere HA Component Protection 51The Role of Disk Groups 51Disk Group Maximums 52Why Configure Multiple Disk Groups in VSAN? 52Cache Device to Capacity Device Sizing Ratio 53Automatically Add Disks to VSAN Disk Groups 54Manually Adding Disks to a VSAN Disk Group 55Disk Group Creation Example 55VSAN Datastore Properties 58Summary 594 VM Storage Policies on VSAN 61Introducing Storage Policy-Based Management in a VSAN Environment 62Number of Failures to Tolerate 65Failure Tolerance Method 66Number of Disk Stripes Per Object 69IOPS Limit for Object 70Flash Read Cache Reservation 71Object Space Reservation 71Force Provisioning 71Disable Object Checksum 73VASA Vendor Provider 73An Introduction to VASA 73Storage Providers 74VSAN Storage Providers: Highly Available 75Changing VM Storage Policy On-the-Fly 75Objects, Components, and Witnesses 80VM Storage Policies 80Enabling VM Storage Policies 81Creating VM Storage Policies 81Assigning a VM Storage Policy During VM Provisioning 81Summary 825 Architectural Details 83Distributed RAID 83Objects and Components 86Component Limits 87Virtual Machine Storage Objects 88Namespace 89Virtual Machine Swap 90VMDKs and Deltas 90Witnesses and Replicas 90Object Layout 91VSAN Software Components 94Component Management 95Data Paths for Objects 95Object Ownership 96Placement and Migration for Objects 96Cluster Monitoring, Membership, and Directory Services 97Host Roles (Master, Slave, Agent) 97Reliable Datagram Transport 98On-Disk Formats 98Cache Devices 99Capacity Devices 99VSAN I/O Flow 100Caching Algorithms 100The Role of the Cache Layer 100Anatomy of a VSAN Read on Hybrid VSAN 102Anatomy of a VSAN Read on All-Flash VSAN 103Anatomy of a VSAN Write on Hybrid VSAN 103Anatomy of a VSAN Write on All-Flash VSAN 104Retiring Writes to Capacity Tier on Hybrid VSAN 105Deduplication and Compression 105Data Locality 107Data Locality in VSAN Stretched Clusters 108Storage Policy-Based Management 109VSAN Capabilities 109Number of Failures to Tolerate Policy Setting 110Best Practice for Number of Failures to Tolerate 112Stripe Width Policy Setting 113RAID-0 Used When No Striping Specified in the Policy 117Stripe Width Maximum 119Stripe Width Configuration Error 120Stripe Width Chunk Size 121Stripe Width Best Practice 122Flash Read Cache Reservation Policy Setting 122Object Space Reservation Policy Setting 122VM Home Namespace Revisited 123VM Swap Revisited 123How to Examine the VM Swap Storage Object 124Delta Disk / Snapshot Caveat 126Verifying How Much Space Is Actually Consumed 126Force Provisioning Policy Setting 127Witnesses and Replicas: Failure Scenarios 127Data Integrity Through Checksum 130Recovery from Failure 131Problematic Device Handling 134What About Stretching VSAN? 134Summary 1356 VM Storage Policies and Virtual Machine Provisioning 137Policy Setting: Number of Failures to Tolerate = 1 137Policy Setting: Failures to Tolerate = 1, Stripe Width = 2 144Policy Setting: Failures to Tolerate = 2, Stripe Width = 2 148Policy Setting: Failures to Tolerate = 1, Object Space Reservation = 50% 152Policy Setting: Failures to Tolerate = 1, Object Space Reservation = 100% 155Policy Setting: RAID-5 157Policy Setting: RAID-6 158Policy Setting: RAID-5/6 and Stripe Width = 2 159Default Policy 160Summary 1647 Management and Maintenance 165Health Check 165Health Check Tests 165Proactive Health Checks 167Performance Service 168Host Management 169Adding Hosts to the Cluster 169Removing Hosts from the Cluster 170ESXCLI VSAN Cluster Commands 171Maintenance Mode 172Default Maintenance Mode/Decommission Mode 175Recommended Maintenance Mode Option for Updates and Patching 175Disk Management 177Adding a Disk Group 177Removing a Disk Group 178Adding Disks to the Disk Group 179Removing Disks from the Disk Group 180Wiping a Disk 182Blinking the LED on a Disk 183ESXCLI VSAN Disk Commands 184Failure Scenarios 185Capacity Device Failure 185Cache Device Failure 186Host Failure 187Network Partition 188Disk Full Scenario 193Thin Provisioning Considerations 194vCenter Management 195vCenter Server Failure Scenario 196Running vCenter Server on VSAN 196Bootstrapping vCenter Server 197Summary 1998 Stretched Cluster 201What is a Stretched Cluster? 201Requirements and Constraints 203Networking and Latency Requirements 205New Concepts in VSAN Stretched Cluster 206Configuration of a Stretched Cluster 208Failure Scenarios 216Summary 2249 Designing a VSAN Cluster 225Ready Node Profiles 225Sizing Constraints 227Cache to Capacity Ratio 228Designing for Performance 229Impact of the Disk Controller 231VSAN Performance Capabilities 235Design and Sizing Tools 236Scenario 1: Server Virtualization-Hybrid 237Determining Your Host Configuration 238Scenario 2-Server Virtualization-All-flash 241Summary 24410 Troubleshooting, Monitoring, and Performance 245Health Check 246Ask VMware 246Health Check Categories 247Proactive Health Checks 253ESXCLI 256esxcli vsan datastore 256esxcli vsan network 257esxcli vsan storage 258esxcli vsan cluster 262esxcli vsan faultdomain 263esxcli vsan maintenancemode 264esxcli vsan policy 264esxcli vsan trace 267Additional Non-ESXCLI Commands for Troubleshooting VSAN 268Ruby vSphere Console 275VSAN Commands 276SPBM Commands 300Troubleshooting VSAN on the ESXi 303Log Files 304VSAN Traces 304VSAN VMkernel Modules and Drivers 305Performance Monitoring 305Introducing the Performance Service 305ESXTOP Performance Counters for VSAN 308vSphere Web Client Performance Counters for VSAN 309VSAN Observer 310Sample VSAN Observer Use Case 316Summary 318TOC, 9780134511665, 5/10/2016
