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基本説明
Examines the tenet that lateralization and handedness is a uniquely human character through evidence from higer and lower primates and with reference to other vertebrates.
Full Description
Hemispheric specialization, and lateralized sensory, cognitive or motor function of the left and right halves of the brain, commonly manifests in humans as right-handedness and left hemisphere specialization of language functions. Historically, this has been considered a hallmark of, and unique to, human evolution. Some theories propose that human right-handedness evolved in the context of language and speech while others that it was a product of the increasing motor demands associated with feeding or tool-use. In the past 20-25 years, there has been a plethora of research in animals on the topic of whether population-level asymmetries in behavioral processes or neuro-anatomical structures exist in animals, notably primates and people have begun to question the historical assumptions that hemispheric specialization is unique to humans. This book brings together various summary chapters on the expression of behavioral and neuro-anatomical asymmetries in primates. Several chapters summarize entire families of primates while others focus on genetic and non-genetic models of handedness in humans and how they can be tested in non-human primates. In addition, it makes explicit links between various theoretical models of the development of handedness in humans with the observed patterns of results in non-human primates. A second emphasis is on comparative studies of handedness in primates. There is now enough data in the literature across different species to present an evolutionary tree for the emergence of handedness (and perhaps other aspects of hemispheric specialization, such as neuro-anatomical asymmetries) and its relation to specific morphological and ecological adaptations in various primate species.
Contents
1) Evaluating Genetic and Non-Genetic Models of Handedness in Non-human Primates - William D. Hopkins,2) Great Ape Handedness - Richard Byre3) A Comparison of Laterality in Primates and Non-Primates - Leslie Rogers4) Prosimian functional laterality - Sheree Watson & Jeanette Ward 5) Neuroanatomical Asymmetries in Non-Human Primates - Claudio Cantalupo6) The Influence of Prenatal Hormones on the Development of Laterality in Monkeys - Greg Westergaard7) Evolution and Genetics of Handedness in Humans - Michael Corballis8) Laterality and Cognition in Split-Brain Monkeys - Charles Hamilton & Betty Vermiere9) Grip morphology and Hand Use in Primates - Marianne Christel10) Postural Origins of Laterality Revisited. - Peter MacNeilage11) Handedness in New World Monkeys with Special Reference to Capuchin monkeys - Giovanni Spinozzi12) Asymmetries in Facial Expressions and Emotions in Primates - Lisa Parr & Samuel Fernanadez-Carriba13) Morphological Asymmetries in Early Hominids - Ralph Holloway14) Brain Asymmetries in Primates as Revealed from Endocasts - Dean Falk15) Evolution of the Corpus Callosum From a Comparative Primate Perspective - Jim Rilling16) The Development of Hemispheric Specialization in Human and Nonhuman Primates - Kim Bard
