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Full Description
Lubricants are essential in engineering, however more sustainable formulations are needed to avoid adverse effects on the ecosystem. Bio-based lubricant formulations present a promising solution. Biolubricants: Science and technology is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and timely review of this important subject.Initial chapters address the principles of lubrication, before systematically reviewing fossil and bio-based feedstock resources for biodegradable lubricants. Further chapters describe catalytic, (bio) chemical functionalisation processes for transformation of feedstocks into commercial products, product development, relevant legislation, life cycle assessment, major product groups and specific performance criteria in all major applications. Final chapters consider markets for biolubricants, issues to consider when selecting and using a lubricant, lubricant disposal and future trends.With its distinguished authors, Biolubricants: Science and technology is a comprehensive reference for an industrial audience of oil formulators and lubrication engineers, as well as researchers and academics with an interest in the subject. It provides an essential overview of scientific and technological developments enabling the cost-effective improvement of biolubricants, something that is crucial for the green future of the lubricant industry.
Contents
Author contact detailsAbout the authorsWoodhead Publishing Series in EnergyPrefaceChapter 1: Renewable lubricantsAbstract:1.1 Introduction1.2 Scope1.3 Chapter overviewChapter 2: Principles of lubricationAbstract:2.1 Introduction2.2 Purpose of lubrication2.3 Friction and lubrication conditionsChapter 3: Lubricants: properties and characteristicsAbstract:3.1 Introduction3.2 Lubricant base stocks3.3 Classifications for oils and lubricating greases3.4 Eco designations for lubricants3.5 Environmentally acceptable lubricants3.6 Physicochemical properties of lubricantsChapter 4: The transition from reliance on fossil resources to biomass valorisationAbstract:4.1 Introduction4.2 Biomass4.3 Transformation of biomass to bioproducts4.4 Biomass potentials and limitationsChapter 5: Renewable feedstocks for lubricant productionAbstract:5.1 Introduction5.2 Natural vegetable oils and animal fats in lubrication5.3 Industrial oil-crop engineering5.4 Bio-based wax esters5.5 Plant polymeric carbohydratesChapter 6: Chemical transformations of renewable lubricant feedstocksAbstract:6.1 Introduction6.2 Chemically modified fatty compounds in lubrication6.3 Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in lubrication6.4 Modified starch-based lubricantsChapter 7: Formulating lubricating oilsAbstract:7.1 Introduction7.2 Lubricant additive technology7.3 Additive design for renewable lubricants7.4 Biolubricant formulationsChapter 8: Quality assurance of biolubricantsAbstract:8.1 Introduction8.2 Biolubricant quality requirements8.3 Biolubricant quality management8.4 Quality control of biolubricant feedstocks8.5 Standardised methods for testing lubricating fluids and greases8.6 Biolubricant process and product quality control8.7 Biolubricant analytical methodology8.8 Quality of in-service lubricantsChapter 9: Legislation of relevance to lubricantsAbstract:9.1 Introduction9.2 Chemicals policy initiatives9.3 (Bio)lubricant regulations9.4 Ecolabels and international standardsChapter 10: Biolubricant product developmentAbstract:10.1 Introduction10.2 Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specifications for lubricants10.3 Biolubricant standardisation10.4 Performance tests for lubricants and lubricating greases10.5 Biolubricant research and technology development (RTD)Chapter 11: Environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA) of lubricantsAbstract:11.1 Introduction11.2 Life-cycle assessment (LCA)11.3 Sustainable product designChapter 12: Biolubricant product groups and technological applicationsAbstract:12.1 Introduction12.2 Automotive lubricants12.3 Hydraulic oils12.4 Biodegradable loss lubricants12.5 Marine lubricants12.6 Gear lubrication oils12.7 Compressor oils12.8 Turbine oils12.9 Metalworking fluids (MWFs) and metal-forming lubricants12.10 Lubricants in the food-processing industry12.11 Biodegradable lubricating greases12.12 Specialty lubricants12.13 Solid biodegradable lubricants12.14 Process oilsChapter 13: Markets for biolubricantsAbstract:13.1 Introduction13.2 European biolubricant markets13.3 Biolubricant markets in the United States13.4 Market opportunities for bio-based lubricantsChapter 14: Lubricant use and disposalAbstract:14.1 Introduction14.2 Selection of (renewable) oil lubricants and greases14.3 Lubricant consolidation14.4 Degradation of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids14.5 Operational maintenance14.6 Essential properties of used oil14.7 Disposal of spent lubricantsChapter 15: Advanced lubricant fluidsAbstract:15.1 Introduction15.2 Ionic liquids (ILs)Chapter 16: Epilogue: the outlook for biolubricant science and technologyAbstract:16.1 Introduction16.2 Biodegradable lubricants for a sustainable life16.3 Technology advances16.4 Biolubricants: drivers and barriers16.5 Current and future potential for biolubricantsAppendixIndex
