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With pressure increasing to utilise wastes and residues effectively and sustainably, the production of biogas represents one of the most important routes towards reaching national and international renewable energy targets. The biogas handbook: Science, production and applications provides a comprehensive and systematic guide to the development and deployment of biogas supply chains and technology.Following a concise overview of biogas as an energy option, part one explores biomass resources and fundamental science and engineering of biogas production, including feedstock characterisation, storage and pre-treatment, and yield optimisation. Plant design, engineering, process optimisation and digestate utilisation are the focus of part two. Topics considered include the engineering and process control of biogas plants, methane emissions in biogas production, and biogas digestate quality, utilisation and land application. Finally, part three discusses international experience and best practice in biogas utilisation. Biogas cleaning and upgrading to biomethane, biomethane use as transport fuel and the generation of heat and power from biogas for stationery applications are all discussed. The book concludes with a review of market development and biomethane certification schemes.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, The biogas handbook: Science, production and applications is a practical reference to biogas technology for process engineers, manufacturers, industrial chemists and biochemists, scientists, researchers and academics working in this field.
Contents
Contributor contact detailsWoodhead Publishing Series in EnergyForewordPrefaceOrganisations supporting IEA Bioenergy Task 37 - Energy from BiogasPart 1: Biomass resources, feedstock treatment and biogas productionChapter 1: Biogas as an energy option: an overviewAbstract:1.1 Introduction1.2 Biogas technologies and environmental efficiency1.3 Political drivers and legislation1.4 Health, safety and risk assessment1.5 Conclusions and future trends1.6 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 2: Biomass resources for biogas productionAbstract:2.1 Introduction2.2 Categories of biomass appropriate as feedstocks for biogas production2.3 Characteristics of biogas feedstock2.4 Resource availability and supply chain issues2.5 ConclusionChapter 3: Analysis and characterisation of biogas feedstocksAbstract:3.1 Introduction3.2 Preliminary feedstock characterisation3.3 Essential laboratory analysis of feedstocks3.4 Additional laboratory analysis of feedstocks3.5 Detailed feedstock evaluation3.6 Conclusions3.7 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 4: Storage and pre-treatment of substrates for biogas productionAbstract:4.1 Introduction4.2 Storage and ensiling of crops for biogas production4.3 Pre-treatment technologies for biogas production4.4 Conclusion and future trendsChapter 5: Fundamental science and engineering of the anaerobic digestion process for biogas productionAbstract:5.1 Introduction5.2 Microbiology5.3 Microbial environment5.4 Gas production and feedstocks5.5 Reactor configuration5.6 Parasitic energy demand of process5.7 Laboratory analysis and scale up5.8 Modelling and optimisation of anaerobic digestion5.9 Conclusions and future trendsChapter 6: Optimisation of biogas yields from anaerobic digestion by feedstock typeAbstract:6.1 Introduction6.2 Defining optimisation6.3 Basic definitions and concepts6.4 Overcoming limitation as a result of hydraulic retention time (HRT)6.5 Increasing the metabolic capacity of a digester6.6 Matching feedstocks and digester type6.7 Case studies6.8 Future trendsChapter 7: Anaerobic digestion as a key technology for biomass valorization: contribution to the energy balance of biofuel chainsAbstract:7.1 Introduction7.2 The role of anaerobic digestion in biomass chains7.3 A framework for approaching the role of anaerobic digestion within biomass chains7.4 Contribution of anaerobic digestion to the energy balance of biofuel chains7.5 Conclusion and future trendsPart 2: Plant design, engineering, process optimisation and digestate utilisationChapter 8: Design and engineering of biogas plantsAbstract:8.1 Introduction8.2 Digestion unit8.3 Gas storage8.4 Pipework, pumps and valves8.5 Site characteristics and plant layout8.6 Process control technology8.7 Social and legal aspects8.8 Practical challenges and future trendsChapter 9: Energy flows in biogas plants: analysis and implications for plant designAbstract:9.1 Introduction9.2 Energy demand of biogas plants9.3 Energy supply for biogas plants9.4 Balancing energy flows9.5 Conclusion and future trendsChapter 10: Process control in biogas plantsAbstract:10.1 Introduction10.2 Process analysis and monitoring10.3 Optimising and implementing on-line process control in biogas plants10.4 Mathematical process modelling and optimisation in practice10.5 Advantages and limitations of process control10.6 Conclusion and future trendsChapter 11: Methane emissions in biogas productionAbstract:11.1 Introduction11.2 Methane emissions in biogas production11.3 Methane emissions in biogas utilization, biogas upgrading and digestate storage11.4 Overall methane emissions11.5 Conclusion and future trendsChapter 12: Biogas digestate quality and utilizationAbstract:12.1 Introduction12.2 Digestate quality12.3 Processing of digestate12.4 Utilization of digestate and digestate fractions12.5 ConclusionChapter 13: Land application of digestateAbstract:13.1 Introduction13.2 Overview of substrates and land application of digestate13.3 Field experience of land application and associated environmental impacts13.4 Conclusion and future trends13.5 AcknowledgementsPart III: Biogas utilisation: international experience and best practiceChapter 14: Biogas cleaningAbstract:14.1 Introduction14.2 Biogas characterisation and quality standards14.3 Biogas cleaning techniques14.4 Biogas cleaning in combination with upgrading14.5 Conclusion and future trendsChapter 15: Biogas upgrading to biomethaneAbstract:15.1 Introduction15.2 Development and overview of biogas upgrading15.3 Biogas cleaning and upgrading technologies15.4 Costs of biogas upgrading15.5 ConclusionChapter 16: Biomethane injection into natural gas networksAbstract:16.1 Introduction16.2 Technical and legal conditions of biomethane feed-in in Germany16.3 Design and operation of injection utilities16.4 Biomethane quality adjustments16.5 Economic aspects of biomethane injection16.6 Optimization and efficiency increase16.7 Conclusion and future trends16.10 Appendix: glossaryChapter 17: Generation of heat and power from biogas for stationary applications: boilers, gas engines and turbines, combined heat and power (CHP) plants and fuel cellsAbstract:17.1 Introduction17.2 Biogas and biomethane combustion issues17.3 Utilisation of biogas for the generation of electric power and heat in stationary applications17.4 Conclusion and future trendsChapter 18: Biomethane for transport applicationsAbstract:18.1 Biomethane as a transport fuel18.2 Biomethane distribution logistics and the synergies of jointly used natural gas and biomethane18.3 Growth of the natural gas vehicle market in Sweden18.4 Extent and potential of the natural gas vehicle world market18.5 Future trends18.6 ReferencesChapter 19: Market development and certification schemes for biomethaneAbstract:19.1 Introduction19.2 Market development19.3 Biomethane certification and mass balancing19.4 European mass balancing schemes for biomethane19.5 Future trends19.6 Sources of further information and adviceIndex
