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Full Description
The declared objective of this book is to provide an introductory review of the various theoretical and practical aspects of adsorption by powders and porous solids with particular reference to materials of technological importance. The primary aim is to meet the needs of students and non-specialists who are new to surface science or who wish to use the advanced techniques now available for the determination of surface area, pore size and surface characterization. In addition, a critical account is given of recent work on the adsorptive properties of activated carbons, oxides, clays and zeolites.
Contents
Preface
List of main symbols
1. Introduction
1.1. Importance of adsorption
1.2. Historical aspects
1.3. IUPAC definitions and terminology
1.4. Physisorption and chemisorption
1.5. Physisorption isotherms
1.6. Energetics of physisorption and molecular modelling
1.7. Diffusion of adsorbed molecules
2. Thermodynamics of adsorption at the gas-solid interface
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Quantitative expression of adsorption
2.3. Thermodynamic potentials of adsorption
2.4. Thermodynamic quantities related to the adsorbed states in the Gibbs representation
2.5. Thermodynamic quantities related to the adsorption process
2.6. Indirect derivation of the adsorption quantities of adsorption from of a series of
Experimental physisorption isotherms : the isosteric method
2.7. Derivation of the adsorption quantities from calorimetric data
2.8. Other methods for the determination of differential enthalpies of gas adsorption
2.9. State equations for high pressure: single gas and mixtures
3. Methodology of gas adsorption
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Determination of the surface excess amount (and amount adsorbed)
3.3. Gas adsorption calorimetry
3.4. Adsorbent outgassing
3.5. Presentation of experimental data
4. Adsorption at the liquid-solid interface
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Energetics of immersion in pure liquid
4.3. Adsorption from liquid solution
5. The interpretation of physisorption isotherms at the gas-solid interface: the classical approach
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Adsorption of a pure gas
5.3. Adsorption of a gas mixture
6. Molecular simulation and modelling of physisorption in porous solids
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Microscopic description of the porous solids
6.3. Intermolecular potential function
6.4. Characterization computational tools
6.5. Modeling of adsorption in porous solids
6.6. Modeling of diffusion in porous solids.
6.7. Conclusions and future challenges
7. Assessment of surface area
7.1. Introduction
7.2. The BET method
7.3. Empirical methods of isotherm analysis
7.4. The fractal approach
7.5. Conclusions and recommendations
8. Assessment of mesoporosity
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Mesopore volume, porosity and mean pore size
8.3. Capillary condensation and the Kelvin equation
8.4. 'Classical' computation of the mesopore size distribution
8.5. DFT computation of the mesopore size distribution
8.6. Hysteresis loops
8.7. Conclusions and recommendations
9. Assessment of microporosity
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Gas physisorption isotherm analysis
9.3. Microcalorimetric methods
9.4. Conclusions and recommendations
10. Adsorption by active carbons
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Active carbons: preparation, properties and applications
10.3. Physisorption of gases by non-porous carbons
10.4. Physisorption of gases by porous carbons
10.5. Adsorption at the carbon-liquid interface
10.6. Low pressure hysteresis and adsorbent deformation
10.7. Characterization of active carbons: conclusions and recommendations
11. Adsorption by metal oxides
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Silica
11.3. Alumina
11.4. Titanium dioxide
11.5. Magnesium oxide
11.6. Other oxides: chromium, iron, zinc, zirconium, beryllium and uranium
11.7. Applications of adsorbent properties of metal oxides
12. Adsorption by clays, pillared clays, zeolites and aluminophosphates
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Structure, morphology and adsorbent properties of layer silicates
12.3. Pillared clays - structures and properties
12.4. Zeolites - synthesis, pore structures and molecular sieve properties
12.5. Aluminophosphate molecular sieves - structures and properties
12.6. Applications of clays, zeolites and phosphate-based molecular sieves
13. Adsorption by ordered mesoporous materials
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Ordered mesoporous silicas
13.3. Effect of surface functionalization on adsorption properties
13.4. Ordered organosilica materials
13.5. Replica materials
14. Adsorption by metal-organic frameworks
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Assessment and meaning of the BET area of MOFs
14.3. Effect of changing the nature of the ligands
14.4. Effect of changing the metal centre
14.5. Changing the nature of other surface sites
14.6. Influence of extra-framework species
14.7. Special case of the flexibility of MOFs
14.8. Towards application performances
