Description
Adapted from a successful and thoroughly field-tested Italian text, the first edition of Electromagnetic Waves was very well received. Its broad, integrated coverage of electromagnetic waves and their applications forms the cornerstone on which the author based this second edition. Working from Maxwell's equations to applications in optical communications and photonics, Electromagnetic Waves, Second Edition forges a link between basic physics and real-life problems in wave propagation and radiation.
Accomplished researcher and educator Carlo G. Someda uses a modern approach to the subject. Unlike other books in the field, it surveys all major areas of electromagnetic waves in a single treatment. The book begins with a detailed treatment of the mathematics of Maxwell's equations. It follows with a discussion of polarization, delves into propagation in various media, devotes four chapters to guided propagation, links the concepts to practical applications, and concludes with radiation, diffraction, coherence, and radiation statistics. This edition features many new and reworked problems, updated references and suggestions for further reading, a completely revised appendix on Bessel functions, and new definitions such as antenna effective height.
Illustrating the concepts with examples in every chapter, Electromagnetic Waves, Second Edition is an ideal introduction for those new to the field as well as a convenient reference for seasoned professionals.
Table of Contents
BASIC EQUATIONS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Introduction: Experimental Laws
Maxwell's Equations and the Charge Continuity Equation
Constitutive Relations
Imposed Currents
Divergence Equations
Continuity Conditions
The Wave Equation. The Helmholtz Equation
Magnetic Vector Potential
Fitzgerald Electric Vector Potential
Hertz Vector Potential
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
POLARIZATION
Introduction
Steinmetz Representation of Time-Harmonic Vectors
Parallel and Orthogonal Complex Vectors
Properties of Time-Harmonic Vectors
Properties of the Complex Vectors
Linear Polarization Ratio
Circular Polarization Ratio
Stokes Parameters
The Poincaré Sphere
Evolution of Polarization in a Linear Medium: Jones Matrix
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
GENERAL THEOREMS
Introduction
Poynting's Theorem. Wave Impedance
Uniqueness Theorem
Reciprocity Theorem
Equivalence Theorem
Induction Theorem
Duality Theorem
TE-TM Field Decomposition Theorem
Spatial Symmetries. Reflection Operators
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
PLANE WAVES IN ISOTROPIC MEDIA
Separability of Variables in the Homogeneous Helmholtz Equation
Solution of the Homogeneous Helmholtz Equation in Cartesian Coordinates
Plane Waves: Terminology and Classification
Traveling Waves. Phase Velocity
Standing Waves
Poynting Vector and Wave Impedance
Completeness of Plane Waves
Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves
Fresnel Formulas
Reflection in Multilayer Structures
Total Reflection
Reflection on the Surface of a Good Conductor
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
PLANE WAVE PACKETS AND BEAMS
Modulated Waves. Group Velocity
Dispersion
The Scalar Approximation
The Equations of Geometrical Optics
Geometrical Optics: Electromagnetic Implications
Examples of Ray Tracing in Radio Propagation and in Optics
The WKBJ Method
Further Comments on the WKBJ Method
Gaussian Beams
Hermite-Gauss and Laguerre-Gauss Modes
Reflection and Refraction of Gaussian Beams
On the Completeness of a Series
Further Comments on Rays and Beams
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
PLANE WAVES IN ANISOTROPIC MEDIA
General Properties of Anisotropic Media
Wave Equations and Potentials in Anisotropic Media
Birefringent Media
Fresnel's Equation of Wave Normals
An Application: Phase Matching of Two Waves
Gyrotropic Media
The Appleton-Hartree Formula
An Example of Permittivity Dyadic
Second Example of Permeability Dyadic
Faraday Rotation
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
WAVEGUIDES WITH CONDUCTING WALLS
Introduction
Homogeneously Filled Cylindrical Structures: Simplified Proof of the TE-TM Decomposition Theorem
Waveguides with Ideal Conducting Walls
Transmission Modes of Lossless Cylindrical Structures
Mode Orthogonality
Some Remarks on Completeness
Rectangular Waveguides
Circular Waveguides and Coaxial Cables
Waveguides with Nonideal Walls
On Wall Impedances
Hybrid Modes
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
WAVES ON TRANSMISSION LINES
Introduction
Uniform Transmission Lines
Impedance Transformation Along a Transmission Line
Lossless Transmission Lines
Low-Loss Transmission Lines
Partially Standing Waves
The Smith Chart
Remote Measurement of the Load Impedance
Impedance Matching
Transmission-Line Equations: An Alternative Derivation
TEM and Quasi-TEM Propagation in Planar Lines
The Coupled-Mode Equations
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
RESONANT CAVITIES
Introduction
Separable Coordinate Systems in Three Dimensions
Completeness of Resonator Modes
Mode Orthogonality in a Perfect Resonator
Lossless Cylindrical Cavities
Simple Examples
Lossy Resonators: Perturbation Analysis. Intrinsic Q-Factor
Resonators Coupled to External Loads. Loaded Q-Factor
Open Resonators
Stability of Open Resonators
Q-Factor of an Open Resonator
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDES
Introduction
Waves Guided by a Surface of Discontinuity: The Characteristic Equation
Guided Modes of a Slab Waveguide
Radiation Modes of a Slab Waveguide
The Cylindrical Rod: Exact Modes
Modal Cut-Off in the Cylindrical Rod
Weakly Guiding Rods: The LP Modes
Dispersion in Dielectric Waveguides
Graded-Index Waveguides
The Alpha Profiles: An Important Class of Multimode Graded-Index Fibers
Attenuation in Optical Fibers
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
RETARDED POTENTIALS
Introduction
Green's Functions for the Scalar Helmholtz Equation
Lorentz-Gauge Vector Potentials in a Homogeneous Medium
Field Vectors in Terms of Dyadic Green's Functions
Inhomogeneous Media: Polarization Currents
Time-Domain Interpretation of Green's Functions
Green's Function Expansion Into Orthogonal Eigenfunctions
An Example: Field in a Rectangular Box
Spherical Harmonics
Multipole Expansion
An Introduction to Cylindrical Harmonics
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
FUNDAMENTALS OF ANTENNA THEORY
Introduction
Equivalent Dipole Moment of an Extended Source
Far-Field Approximations
First Example: Short Electric-Current Element
Characterization of Antennas
Behavior of Receiving Antennas. Reciprocity
Examples
Antenna Arrays
Broad-Side and End-Fire Arrays
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
DIFFRACTION
Introduction
The Diffraction Integral: The Vector Formulation
Illumination Conditions. Babinet's Principle
The Scalar Theory of Diffraction
Diffraction Formulas and Rayleigh-Sommerfeld
The Fresnel Diffraction Region
The Fraunhofer Diffraction Region
Examples
The Field Near a Focus: First Example of Fresnel Diffraction
Diffraction from a Straight Edge: Second Example of Fresnel Diffraction
A Short Note on the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF COHERENCE
Background and Purpose of the Chapter
The Analytical Signal
Complex Degree of Coherence
Temporal Coherence of a Source
Spatial Coherence of a Source
Higher-Order Coherence: An Introduction
An Introduction to Photocount Distributions
Modal Noise in Optical-Fiber Transmission Systems: A Short Outline
Further Applications and Suggested Reading
References
APPENDIX A: VECTOR CALCULUS: DEFINITIONS AND FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS
APPENDIX B: VECTOR DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS IN FREQUENTLY USED REFERENCE SYSTEMS
APPENDIX C: VECTOR IDENTITIES
APPENDIX D: FUNDAMENTALS ON BESSEL FUNCTIONS
Bessel, Neumann and Hankel Functions
Modified Bessel Functions
Bessel Function Formulas
REFERENCES
FURTHER SUGGESTED READING
INDEX
