Description
Deep Earth: Physics and Chemistry of the Lower Mantle and Core highlights recent advances and the latest views of the deep Earth from theoretical, experimental, and observational approaches and offers insight into future research directions on the deep Earth. In recent years, we have just reached a stage where we can perform measurements at the conditions of the center part of the Earth using state-of-the-art techniques, and many reports on the physical and chemical properties of the deep Earth have come out very recently. Novel theoretical models have been complementary to this breakthrough. These new inputs enable us to compare directly with results of precise geophysical and geochemical observations. This volume highlights the recent significant advancements in our understanding of the deep Earth that have occurred as a result, including contributions from mineral/rock physics, geophysics, and geochemistry that relate to the topics of:
I. Thermal structure of the lower mantle and core
II. Structure, anisotropy, and plasticity of deep Earth materials
III. Physical properties of the deep interior
IV. Chemistry and phase relations in the lower mantle and core
V. Volatiles in the deep Earth
The volume will be a valuable resource for researchers and students who study the Earth's interior. The topics of this volume are multidisciplinary, and therefore will be useful to students from a wide variety of fields in the Earth Sciences.
Table of Contents
Contributors vii
Preface ix
Part I: Thermal Strucure of Deep Earth 1
1 Melting of Fe Alloys and the Thermal Structure of the Core
Rebecca A. Fischer 3
2 Temperature of the Lower Mantle and Core Based on Ab Initio Mineral Physics Data
Taku Tsuchiya, Kenji Kawai, Xianlong Wang, Hiroki Ichikawa, and Haruhiko Dekura 13
3 Heat Transfer in the Core and Mantle
Abby Kavner and Emma S. G. Rainey 31
4 Thermal State and Evolution of the Earth Core and Deep Mantle
Stéphane Labrosse 43
Part II: Structures, Anisotropy, and Plasticity of Deep Earth Materials 55
5 Crystal Structures of Core Materials
Razvan Caracas 57
6 Crystal Structures of Minerals in the Lower Mantle
June K. Wicks and Thomas S. Duffy 69
7 Deformation of Core and Lower Mantle Materials
Sébastien Merkel and Patrick Cordier 89
8 Using Mineral Analogs to Understand the Deep Earth
Simon A. T. Redfern 101
Part III: Physical Properties of Deep Interior 111
9 Ground Truth: Seismological Properties of the Core
George Helffrich 113
10 Physical Properties of the Inner Core
Daniele Antonangeli 121
11 Physical Properties of the Outer Core
Hidenori Terasaki 129
Part IV: Chemistry and Phase Relations of Deep Interior 143
12 The Composition of the Lower Mantle and Core
William F. McDonough 145
13 Metal?-Silicate Partitioning of Siderophile Elements and Core-Mantle Segregation
Kevin Righter 161
14 Mechanisms and Geochemical Models of Core Formation
David C. Rubie and Seth A. Jacobson 181
15 Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamics of Core Materials
Andrew J. Campbell 191
16 Chemistry of Core?-Mantle Boundary
John W. Hernlund 201
17 Phase Transition and Melting in the Deep Lower Mantle
Kei Hirose 209
18 Chemistry of the Lower Mantle
Daniel J. Frost and Robert Myhill 225
19 Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamics of Lower Mantle Materials
Susannah M. Dorfman 241
Part V: Volatiles in Deep Interior 253
20 Hydrogen in the Earth’s Core: Review of the Structural, Elastic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Iron-Hydrogen Alloys
Caitlin A. Murphy 255
21 Stability of Hydrous Minerals and Water Reservoirs in the Deep Earth Interior
Eiji Ohtani, Yohei Amaike, Seiji Kamada, Itaru Ohira, and Izumi Mashino 265
22 Carbon in the Core
Bin Chen and Jie Li 277
Index 289
