Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies : The Role of Cross-Border Trade and Travel

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Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies : The Role of Cross-Border Trade and Travel

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  • 製本 Paperback:紙装版/ペーパーバック版／ページ数 313 p.
  • 言語 ENG
  • 商品コード 9780786468034
  • DDC分類 382

Full Description

While scholars have long documented the migration of people in ancient and medieval times, they have paid less attention to those who traveled across borders with some regularity. This study of early transnational relations explores the routine interaction of people across the boundaries of empires, tribal confederacies, kingdoms, and city-states, paying particular attention to the role of long-distance trade along the Silk Road and maritime trade routes. It examines the obstacles voyagers faced, including limited travel and communication capabilities, relatively poor geographical knowledge, and the dangers of a fragmented and shifting political landscape, and offers profiles of better-known transnational elites such as the Hellenic scholar Herodotus and the Venetian merchant Marco Polo, as well lesser known servants, merchants, and sailors. By revealing the important political, economic, and cultural role cross-border trade and travel played in ancient society, this work demonstrates that transnationalism is not unique to modern times.

Contents

Table of Contents

Preface     

Introduction   

1. Basic Features of Transnationalism in the Ancient and Medieval World     

Societal Types     

Contexts     

Motivations and Personnel     

Transportation and Communication     

2. Ancient Empires   

The Middle East     

South Asia     

The Roman Empire     

East Asia     

3. Medieval Empires   

The Byzantine Empire     

South Asia     

The Caliphates     

The Tang and Song Empires     

The Mongol Empires     

The Aztec Empire     

4. Polities Along the Major Trade Routes     

The Yuezhi-Kushan     

Tamil Kingdoms     

Malay Kingdoms     

5. Long-distance Trade Goods     

Obsidian     

Beads     

Textiles     

Copper and Bronze     

Gemstones     

Incense     

Tropical Spices     

Tea     

6. Long-distance Traders     

Phoenicians     

Greeks     

Sogdians     

Trans-Saharan Caravan Traders     

Vikings     

Nestorian Christians     

Radhanites and Other Jewish Traders     

Marco Polo and the Venetians     

Gujaratis     

Ryukyuans     

Aztec Traders     

7. Merchant Communities     

The Middle East     

South Asia     

Melaka     

Guangzhou     

Western Europe     

8. Cities     

Mesopotamian Cities     

Mediterranean Cities     

South Asian Cities     

East Asian Cities     

Southeast Asian Cities     

New World Cities: Teotihuacán     

9. Soldiers     

Mercenaries in the Ancient Mediterranean     

The Roman Empire's Army     

Medieval Mercenaries in Europe     

Chinese Imperial Armies     

The Aztec Military     

10. Monks and Scholars     

Transnational Buddhists     

Hellenic Scholars     

Transnational Christians     

Transnational Muslims     

Notes     

Bibliography     

Index