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Full Description
Now in its sixth edition, Electrical Control for Machines continues to provide an extraordinarily complete introduction to the range of technologies found in today's state-of-the-art industrial systems. By providing readers with a practical understanding of the logic and safety conditions required for efficient control of a single machine or a complex system, the authors define the field of industrial electrical controls in a manner that reflects the changes occurring in today's manufacturing and process industries. Central to the book is the belief that programmable, expandable, reliable, and versatile manufacturing systems require a conceptual understanding at the system level as well as detailed knowledge at the equipment level. In-depth discussions of state-of-the-art process and machine control devices, circuits, and systems for all types of industries are included, along with thorough explanations of how electrical and electronic components function in typical motion, pressure, temperature, sequential, safety, and quality control systems. Ideal for industrial process engineers, maintenance technicians, and engineering technology students, this edition now features an introduction to the operation, configuration, and programming of PLCs as well as new coverage of the expanding use of networks within industrial processes. Knowledge of basic theories of electricity and electrical circuits is assumed, and an entire chapter is devoted to discussion of safety and safety considerations.
Contents
CHAPTER I
1.1 Transformers and Power Supplies
1.2 Control Transformers
1.2 Transformer Regulation.
1.3 Temperature Rise in a Transformer
1.4 Operating Transformers in Parallel
1.5 Constant Voltage Regulators (CVR)
1.6 Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS).
CHAPTER 2 Fuses, Disconnect Switches, and Circuit Breakers
2.1 Protective Factors
2.2 Fuse Construction and Operation
2.3 Fuse Types
2.4 Let-Thru Current and I2t
2.5 Voltage and Frequency Surges
2.6 Circuit Breaker Types
2.7 Programmable Motor Protection
2.8 Electrical Metering and Voltage Protection
2.9 Selecting Protective Devices
CHAPTER 3 Control Units for Switches and Communication
3.1 Oil-Tight Units
3.2 Push-Button Switches
3.3 Selector Switches
3.4 Heavy-Duty Switches
3.5 Indicating Lights
3.6 General Information on Oil-Tight Units
3.7 Circuit Applications
3.8 Annunciators
3.9 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs).
3.10 Membrane Switches
3.11 Liquid Crystal Displays
CHAPTER 4 Relays
4.1 Control Relays and Their Uses
4.2 Timing Relays
4.3 Latching Relays
4.4 Plug-in Relays
4.5 Contactors
CHAPTER 5 Solenoids
5.1 Solenoid Action
5.2 Solenoid Force and Voltage
5.3 Low Voltage
5.4 Over Voltage
5.5 AC Solenoids in DC
5.6 DC Solenoids on AC
5.7 50 and 60 Cycle Solenoids
5.8 Solenoid Temperature Rise
5.9 Circuit Applications
5.10 Variable Solenoids
5.11 Proportional Valves
5.12 Servo Valves
CHAPTER 6 Types of Control
6.1 Open Loop vs. Closed Loop
6.2 Closed-Loop Control
6.3 Proportional Control
6.4 Proportional-Integral
6.5 Proportional-Integral-Derivative
CHAPTER 7 Motion Control Devices
7.1 Importance of Position Indication and Control
7.2 Limit Switches-Mechanical
7.3 Limit Switch Symbols
7.4 Circuit Applications
7.5 Proximity Limit Switches
7.6 LED Indicators
7.7 Solid State Outputs
7.8 Detection Range
7.9 Hysteresis
7.10 Attenuation Range
7.11 Speed
7.12 Magnet-Operated Limit Switch
7.13 Vane Switches
7.14 Linear Position Displacement Transducers
7.15 Angular Position Displacement Transducers
7.16 Use or AC Synchronous and DC Stepping Motors
7.17 Servo Positioning Control
7.18 Sensing Theory
7.19 Flow Monitors
CHAPTER 8 Pressure Control
8.1 Importance of Pressure Indication and Control
8.2 Types of Pressure Switches
8.3 Circuit Applications
CHAPTER 9 Temperature Control
9.1 Importance and Temperature Indication and Control
9.2 Temperature Controllers
9.3 Controller Outputs
9.4 Additional Terms
9.5 Temperature Switches (Thermostats)
9.6 Circuit Applications
CHAPTER 10 Time Control
10.1 Selected Operations
10.2 Types of Timers
10.3 Synchronous Motor-Driven Timers
10.4 Solid-State Timers
10.5 Circuit Applications
CHAPTER It Count Control
11.1 Preset Electrical Impulses
11.2 Circuit Applications
11.3 Solid-State Counters
CHAPTER 12 Control Circuits
12.1 Placement of Components in a Control Circuit
CHAPTER 13 Motors
13.1 AC Motors-Theory of Operation
13.2 Polyphase Squirrel Cage Induction Motors
13.3 Single Phase Motors
13.4 Resistance Split-Phase Motors
13.5 Capacitor Start Motors
13.6 Permanent Split-Capacitor Motors
13.7 Shaded-Pole Motors
13.8 DC Motors
13.9 Brushless DC Motors
CHAPTER14 Motor Starters
14.1 Overload Relays
14.2 Across-the-Line (Full Voltage) Starters
14.3 Reversing Motor Starters
14.4 Multispeed Motor Starters
14.5 Reduced-Voltage Motor Starters
14.6 Solid-State Motor Starters
14.7 Starting Sequence
CHAPTER 15 Introduction to Programmable Controllers
15.1 Primary Concepts in Solid State Control
15.2 Introduction to Programmable Logic Controllers
15.3 Programmable Logic Controllers Concepts
15.4 Input/Output (1/0)
15.5 Processor
15.6 Memory
15.7 Power Supplies
15.8 Programming
15.9 Examine On/Examine Off
15.10 Peripheral and Support Devices
15.11 Data Communication Highway
15.12 Converting from Relay Logic to PLC
15.13 PLC Application in Industry
CHAPTER 16 Quality Control
16.1 Quality and Quality Control
16.2 Electrical and Electronic Circuits Used in Quality Control
16.3 Quality Achieved Through Machine and Process Monitoring
16.4 Process Tolerance (Standards)
16.5 Information Systems
16.6 Data Acquisition Systems
16.7 Personal Computer Software
16.8 Quality is Related to the Type of Control Being Used
16.9 Poor Quality As a Result of System Errors
CHAPTER 17 Safety
17.1 Worker Safety
17.2 Electrical Worker''s Safety
17.3 Machine Safety
17.4 Diagnostic Systems
17.5 Machine Safety Circuit
17.6 Programmable Controllers in Safety
17.7 Other Safety Conditions
CHAPTER 18 Troubleshooting
18.1 Safety First
18.2 Analyzing the Problem
18.3 Major Trouble Spots
18.4 Equipment for Troubleshooting
18.5 Motors
18.6 Troubleshooting a Complete Control Circuit
18.7 Troubleshooting the Programmable Logic Circuit
18.8 Electronic Troubleshooting Hints
CHAPTER 19 Designing Control Systems for Easy Maintenance. .
19.1 Design Considerations
19.2 Diagrams and Layouts
19.3 Locating, Assembling, and Installing Components
APPENDIX A Summary of Electrical Symbols
APPENDIX B Units of Measurements
APPENDIX C Rules of Thumb
APPENDIX D Electrical Formulas
APPENDIX E Use of Electrical Codes and Standards
APPENDIX F Application of Electrical Heat
APPENDIX G Power Factor Correction
APPENDIX H Concepts Used in Programmable and Solid State Controllers
APPENDIX I Selecting a Transformer
GLOSSARY
INDEX
