Description
Unfriendly to conventional electronic devices, circuits, and systems, extreme environments represent a serious challenge to designers and mission architects. The first truly comprehensive guide to this specialized field, Extreme Environment Electronics explains the essential aspects of designing and using devices, circuits, and electronic systems intended to operate in extreme environments, including across wide temperature ranges and in radiation-intense scenarios such as space.
The Definitive Guide to Extreme Environment Electronics
Featuring contributions by some of the world’s foremost experts in extreme environment electronics, the book provides in-depth information on a wide array of topics. It begins by describing the extreme conditions and then delves into a description of suitable semiconductor technologies and the modeling of devices within those technologies. It also discusses reliability issues and failure mechanisms that readers need to be aware of, as well as best practices for the design of these electronics.
Continuing beyond just the "paper design" of building blocks, the book rounds out coverage of the design realization process with verification techniques and chapters on electronic packaging for extreme environments. The final set of chapters describes actual chip-level designs for applications in energy and space exploration. Requiring only a basic background in electronics, the book combines theoretical and practical aspects in each self-contained chapter. Appendices supply additional background material.
With its broad coverage and depth, and the expertise of the contributing authors, this is an invaluable reference for engineers, scientists, and technical managers, as well as researchers and graduate students. A hands-on resource, it explores what is required to successfully operate electronics in the most demanding conditions.
Table of Contents
Part I Introduction
Big Picture and Some History of the Field
John D. Cressler
Extreme Environments in NASA Planetary Exploration
Elizabeth Kolawa, Mohammad Mojarradi, and Linda Del Castillo
Extreme Environment Electronics in NASA’s Heliophysics Vision
Dana Brewer and Janet Barth
Overview of the NASA ETDP RHESE Program
Andrew S. Keys
Role of Extreme Environment Electronics in NASA’s Aeronautics Research
Gary W. Hunter and Dennis Culley
Technology Options for Extreme Environment Electronics
Jonathan A. Pellish and Lewis M. Cohn
Part II Background
Introduction
John D. Cressler
Physics of Temperature and Temperature’s Role in Carrier Transport
John D. Cressler and Kurt A. Moen
Overview of Radiation Transport Physics and Component Effects
Robert Reed and Janet Barth
Interaction of Radiation with Semiconductor Devices
Ken F. Galloway and Ron D. Schrimpf
Part III Environments and Prediction Tools
Introduction
John D. Cressler
Orbital Radiation Environments
Michael Xapsos
CRÈME96 and Related Error Rate Prediction Methods
James H. Adams, Jr.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiation Effects
Robert A. Weller
Extreme Environments in Energy Production and Utilization
Alexander B. Lostetter
Extreme Environments in Transportation
Peter Wilson and H. Alan Mantooth
Part IV Semiconductor Device Technologies for Extreme Environments
Introduction
John D. Cressler
Radiation Effects in Si CMOS Platforms
Lloyd W. Massengill
Wide Temperature Range Operation of Si CMOS Platforms
Aravind C. Appaswamy
Trade-Offs between Performance and Reliability in Sub-100 nm RF-CMOS on SOI Technologies
Rajan Arora
SiGe HBT Platforms
John D. Cressler
Using Temperature to Explore the Scaling Limits of SiGe HBTs
Jiahui Yuan
SiC Integrated Circuit Platforms for High-Temperature Applications
Philip G. Neudeck
Passive Elements in Silicon Technology
Edward P. Wilcox
Power Device Platforms
H. Alan Mantooth
CMOS-Compatible Silicon-on-Insulator MESFETs for Extreme Environments
Trevor J. Thornton, William Lepkowski, Seth J. Wilk, Mohammad Reza Ghajar, Asha Balijepalli, and Joseph Ervin
III-Nitride Platforms
Shyh-Chiang Shen
Photonic Devices
Cheryl J. Marshall
Radiation Hardening by Process
Michael L. Alles
Rad-Hard Silicon Technologies at BAE Systems
Richard W. Berger
Rad-Hard Silicon Technologies at Honeywell
Paul S. Fechner and Jerry Yue
High-Temperature SOI Technologies at Honeywell
Bruce Ohme
Part V Modeling for Extreme Environment Electronic Design
Introduction
H. Alan Mantooth
TCAD of Advanced Transistors
Guofu Niu
Mixed-Mode TCAD Tools
Ashok Raman and Marek Turowski
Mixed-Mode TCAD for Modeling of Single-Event Effects
Kurt A. Moen and Stanley D. Phillips
Compact Modeling of SiGe HBTs
Guofu Niu and Lan Luo
Compact Modeling of CMOS Devices for Extreme Environments
A. Matt Francis
Compact Modeling of LDMOS Transistors
Avinash S. Kashyap
Compact Modeling of Power Devices
Ty R. McNutt
Best Practices for Modeling Radiation Effects in Mixed Signal Circuits
Jeffrey S. Kauppila
Compact Model Toolkits
Jim Holmes and A. Matt Francis
Part VI Device and Circuit Reliability in Extreme Environments
Introduction
John D. Cressler
Failure Mechanisms in Modern Integrated Circuits and Industry Best Practices for Reliability Degradation Predictions
Fernando Guarin
Considerations for the Reliability Estimation of SiGe HBTs
Fernando Guarin
Considerations for the Reliability Estimation of Silicon CMOS
Stewart Rauch
Qualification Methodology for Extreme Environment Electronics
Yuan Chen
Part VII Circuit Design for Extreme Environments
Introduction
H. Alan Mantooth
Best Practices in Radiation Hardening by Design
Jeffrey D. Black
Investigations of RHBD Techniques for SiGe Devices and Circuits
Stanley D. Phillips
Best Practices in Wide Temperature Range Circuit Design
Benjamin J. Blalock
Achieving Invariability in Analog Circuits Operating in Extreme Environments
Peter Wilson, Robert Rudolf, and Reuben Wilcock
Part VIII Examples of Extreme Environment Circuit Designs
Introduction
H. Alan Mantooth
Voltage and Current References
Laleh Najafizadeh
Operational Amplifiers
Benjamin J. Blalock
Cryogenic Low-Noise Amplifiers
Joseph C. Bardin
Active Filters
Fa Foster Dai and Desheng Ma
Analog-to-Digital Converters
Benjamin J. Blalock
Digital-to-Analog Converters
Fa Foster Dai, Yuan Yao, and Zhenqi Chen
CMOS Phase-Locked Loops
T. Daniel Loveless
Low-Voltage, Weakly Saturated SiGe HBT Circuits
Sachin Seth
Memory Circuits
Richard W. Berger
Field Programmable Gate Arrays
Melanie Berg
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
Ken Li and Michael Johnson
Asynchronous Digital Circuits
Jia Di and Scott C. Smith
Characterizing SETs in Oscillator Circuits
Stephen J. Horst
Low-Voltage Power Electronics
Mohammad Mojarradi and Philippe Adell
Medium-Voltage Power Electronics
Marcelo Schupbach
SiC JFET Integrated Circuits for Extreme Environment Electronics
Philip G. Neudeck, Michael J. Krasowski, and N. F. Prokop
Using CMOS-Compatible SOI MESFETs for Power Supply Management
William Lepkowski, Seth J. Wilk, Mohammad Reza Ghajar, Michael Goryll, Keith Hobert, Bertan Bakkaloglu, and Trevor J. Thornton
Part IX Verification of Analog and Mixed-Signal Systems
Introduction
H. Alan Mantooth
Model-Based Verification
Jim Holmes
Event-Driven Mixed-Signal Modeling Techniques for System-in-Package Functional Verification
Chip Webber
Part X Packaging for Extreme Environments
Introduction
John D. Cressler
Electronic Packaging Approaches for Low-Temperature Environments
R. Wayne Johnson
Electronic Packaging Approaches for High-Temperature Environments
R. Wayne Johnson
Failure Analysis of Electronic Packaging
Linda Del Castillo
Silicon Carbide Power Electronics Packaging
Jared Hornberger, Brice McPherson, and Brandon Passmore
Part XI Real-World Extreme Environment Applications
Introduction
H. Alan Mantooth
A SiGe Remote Sensor Interface
Ryan M. Diestelhorst
A SiGe Remote Electronics Unit
Troy D. England
Distributed Motor Controller for Operation in Extreme Environments
Colin McKinney
Radiation-Hard Multichannel Digitizer ASIC for Operation in the Jovian Environment
Shahid Aslam, Akin Akturk, and Gerard Quilligan
Approaches to Commercial Communications Satellite Design
David A. Sunderland
UHF Micro-Transceiver Development Project
William Bill Kuhn and Yogesh Tugnawat
Down-Hole Instrumentation Package for Energy Well Drilling
Randy Normann
Electronics Requirements for Collider Physics Experiments
Alexander A. Grillo
Cryogenic Electronics for High-Energy Physics Experiments
Veljko Radeka, Gianluigi de Geronimo, and Shaorui Li
Radar Systems for Extreme Environments
Tushar Thrivikraman
Part XII Appendices
Appendix A: Properties of Silicon and Germanium
John D. Cressler
Appendix B: Temperature and Energy Scales
John D. Cressler
Appendix C: Planetary Temperature Ranges and Radiation Levels
H. Alan Mantooth
Appendix D: Ionizing Radiation Test Facilities
Paul W. Marshall
Appendix E: Radiation Testing Protocols and Mil-Spec Standards
Ronald Pease
Appendix F: Primer on the Semiconductor Transport Equations and Their Solution
Guofu Niu
Appendix G: Primer on MOSFETs
H. Alan Mantooth
Appendix H: Primer on Si and SiGe Bipolar Transistors
John D. Cressler
Appendix I: Compendium of NASA’s COTS Radiation Test Data
Martha O’Bryan
Appendix J: Compendium of NASA’s COTS Cryogenic Test Data
Richard L. Patterson and Ahmad Hammoud
Index
