Description
Risk management practices are growing both in number and complexity in businesses, notably driven by new regulatory standards that feature risk management at their core. Although large businesses are more likely to adopt a formal, holistic approach to risk management, the stakes are just as high for SMEs. Risk management in SMEs can contribute to a certain organizational, entrepreneurial and partnership dynamic which constitutes a real opportunity to evolve practices and improve performance. This book offers varied responses to this question by combining conceptual approaches, empirical illustrations and the associated managerial implications.
Table of Contents
Preface xiii
Introduction xvii
Maria CREMA
Part 1. Risk Management, Governance and Stakeholder Value Creation 1
Chapter 1. Role of the Governance System in Strategic Risk Management 3
Martine SEVILLE and Christine TEYSSIER
1.1. Introduction 3
1.2. The role of managers and the governance system in risk management: enabling and constraining influences 4
1.2.1. Managers of SMEs shape risk management in their company 4
1.2.2. Extended governance system as support to managers of SMEs in the strategic management of risks 5
1.3. Comparison of proposals in nine SMEs cases 9
1.3.1. Presentation of the sample 9
1.3.2. Findings and discussion 12
1.4. Conclusion 18
1.5. Bibliography 19
Chapter 2. Integration of ISO 26000 International Standard by SMEs: Toward a Better Understanding of Risks 25
Camille DE BOVIS and Sylvaine MERCURI CHAPUIS
2.1. Introduction 25
2.2. When risk leads to reliability 27
2.3. Toward a better understanding of risks by actors: the role of ISO 26000 29
2.3.1. Risk-specific standards are not effective for SMEs 29
2.3.2. ISO 26000: reading grid for SMEs 34
2.4. Toward a better understanding of risks by responsible actors 38
2.5. Conclusion 39
2.6. Bibliography 41
Chapter 3. Managing SMEs’ Economic Dependence Risks: in Favor of Disciplinary and Relational Governance 45
Martine SEVILLE, Caroline CHAMPAGNE-DE-LABRIOLLE and Nathalie CLAVEAU
3.1. Introduction 45
3.2. Structural approach to the economic dependence of SMEs and its implications in terms of risk management 47
3.2.1. An approach based on the asymmetry of initial powers and resources 47
3.2.2. A structural approach emphasizing the risk of abuse of economic dependence which is however difficult to characterize and whose management requires disciplinary governance of the relationship 48
3.2.3. Tools to manage the risk of abuse of economic dependence before any necessary disciplinary measures but with limitations 51
3.3. An approach to economic dependence by embeddedness: towards relational governance 52
3.3.1. From a structural approach to economic dependence relationships to an embeddedness approach 52
3.3.2. SME development challenges for embedding their economic dependence relationship with their partner 54
3.3.3. An embeddedness that is not without risk for SMEs and which must be managed by means of a suitable governance 56
3.4. Conclusion: the need for a systemic approach to economic dependence as well as a disciplinary and relational governance to manage the risks of this dependence 62
3.5. Bibliography 63
Chapter 4. Reputation Risk: Anticipation and Management of Reputation Failure 65
Laure AMBROISE and Isabelle PRIM-ALLAZ
4.1. Introduction 65
4.2. Reputation, definition and challenges for SMEs 66
4.2.1. Reputation: definition. 66
4.2.2. Reputation challenges for SMEs 69
4.3. Reputation risk for SMEs 72
4.3.1. Lack of reputation 72
4.3.2. Loss of reputation 73
4.4. Actions and tools to build and preserve reputation 74
4.4.1. Quality of offerings and expertise 74
4.4.2. The role of the quality of the relationship with different stakeholders 75
4.4.3. Enhance commitment in the city and territory 76
4.4.4. Managers’ image 78
4.5. Conclusion 78
4.6. Bibliography 79
Part 2. Risk Management as a Lever for Organizational Development 85
Chapter 5. Proactive Management of Operating Risks: A Lever to Improve External Funding for SMEs? 87
Josée ST-PIERRE and Richard LACOURSIÈRE
5.1. Introduction 87
5.2. Decisions for funding SMEs and risk measurement 88
5.2.1. Assessment of SMEs risk by funders 89
5.2.2. Risk measurement: financial and non-financial data 90
5.3. Risks, risk sources and risk control 91
5.3.1. Different risk sources 91
5.3.2. Risk management practices 92
5.4. Methodology 93
5.4.1. Presentation of sample 94
5.4.2. Identification of variables 94
5.4.3. Analysis tools 96
5.5. Presentation of results and discussion 96
5.5.1. Presentation of results 96
5.5.2. Analysis and discussion 99
5.6. Conclusion 100
5.7. Appendices 102
5.7.1. Typological analysis of group companies. 102
5.7.2. Implementation rates of practices in cluster 2 subgroups 103
5.8. Bibliography 104
Chapter 6. Risk Management: A Lever for Organizational Change for SMEs? 107
Céline BÉRARD and Nathalie CLAVEAU
6.1. Introduction 107
6.2. From risk management to organizational change 108
6.2.1. Organizational change: the forgotten link between risk management and performance? 109
6.2.2. Organizational changes: how to qualify them 110
6.3. Methodology 112
6.3.1. Selection and presentation of cases 112
6.3.2. Data collection and analysis 113
6.4. Results and discussion 114
6.4.1. Decision to adopt a risk management system: contexts and organizational changes induced 114
6.4.2. Synthesis and discussion of results 119
6.5. Conclusion 122
6.6. Bibliography 123
Chapter 7. Product Innovation in SMEs: Risk Identification Capacities 127
Jacques BERTRAND and Josée ST-PIERRE
7.1. Introduction 127
7.2. Literature review and development of the analysis framework 128
7.2.1. Risk management and SMEs 128
7.2.2. Characteristics of SMEs and their ability to identify risks 130
7.3. Methodology adopted 134
7.3.1. Identification of sample 134
7.3.2. Data collection and coding of variables 134
7.4. Findings and discussion 135
7.4.1. Presentation of results 136
7.4.2. Discussion 139
7.5. Conclusion 141
7.6. Appendix: examples of verbatim and testimonials used to assign scores 142
7.7. Bibliography 144
Chapter 8. Counterfeiting Risk Management for SMEs and Industrial Subcontracting Activities: A Literature Review 149
Manal EL BEKKARI, Catherine MERCIER-SUISSA, Céline BOUVERET-RIVAT and Lynda SAOUDI
8.1. Introduction 149
8.2. Literature review on industrial subcontracting and counterfeiting risk 151
8.2.1. Industrial subcontracting 151
8.2.2. Industrial Property Rights (IPR), strategic assets to be protected 153
8.3. Counterfeiting and counterfeiting risk factors associated with industrial subcontracting 155
8.4. Counterfeiting hedge strategies 158
8.5. Conclusion 161
8.6. Bibliography 163
Part 3. Risk Perception and Management by the Manager-Entrepreneur 169
Chapter 9. Entrepreneurial Risk-taking and the Mentoring of Entrepreneurs: the Danger of Cognitive Biases 171
Saulo DUBARD BARBOSA and Luc DUQUENNE
9.1. Introduction 171
9.1.1. The entrepreneur: a risk taker? 171
9.1.2. Two types of entrepreneurial risks: the risk of failure and the risk of missing an opportunity 172
9.1.3. Venture creation support and mentoring 173
9.1.4. Heuristics and cognitive biases 174
9.2. Methodology 175
9.3. Cognitive biases in action in the mentoring and support of entrepreneurs 176
9.3.1. The phenomenon of substitution, the heuristics of representativeness and the law of small numbers 176
9.3.2. Overconfidence, confirmatory bias and planning fallacy 178
9.3.3. Availability 180
9.4. Understanding cognitive biases from a risk management perspective 182
9.4.1. Training of mentors 182
9.4.2. Shared mentorship 184
9.4.3. Going beyond the business plan 185
9.5. Conclusion 186
9.6. Bibliography 186
Chapter 10. From Necessity to Vulnerable Entrepreneur 193
Caroline BAYART and Séverine SALEILLES
10.1. Introduction 193
10.2. A different way of perceiving necessity entrepreneurs 194
10.2.1. From the necessity entrepreneur to be motivated 194
10.2.2. to the vulnerable entrepreneur to be secured 196
10.3. Risk management, an ability to develop in vulnerable entrepreneurs 198
10.3.1. Risk management challenges in entrepreneurship 198
10.3.2. The issue of risk management in entrepreneurial support 199
10.4. Supporting vulnerable entrepreneurs through proactive risk management practices: an exploratory study 200
10.4.1. Presentation of study and respondents 200
10.4.2. Multiple dimensions of vulnerability within the entrepreneurial context 201
10.4.3. Supporting the implementation of risk mitigation strategies by vulnerable entrepreneurs 203
10.5. Conclusion 206
10.6. Bibliography 207
Chapter 11. Entrepreneurial Approach in SMEs: Specificities, Vulnerabilities and Risks 211
Lynda SAOUDI and Stéphane FOLIARD
11.1. Introduction 211
11.2. Re-entrepreneurship in SME: genealogy of the concept 212
11.2.1. The specificities of SMEs 213
11.2.2. Entrepreneurship in SME: contribution of the literature on large businesses 213
11.3. Entrepreneurship in SMEs, a risky activity 216
11.3.1. The vulnerability of traditional SMEs 216
11.3.2. Risks associated with managers 217
11.3.3. Risks associated with employees 218
11.3.4. Management risks associated with information 219
11.4. Anticipating and managing risks to develop SME entrepreneurship 220
11.4.1. Developing the entrepreneurial agility of managers 220
11.4.2. Developing the entrepreneurial agility of employees 221
11.4.3. Developing organizational agility 222
11.4.4. Developing relational agility 224
11.5. Conclusion 225
11.6. Bibliography 227
Chapter 12. Perception Biases of Failure Risk among SME Managers 233
Nathalie CLAVEAU, Muriel PEREZ and Thierry SERBOFF
12.1. Introduction 233
12.2. Literature review 234
12.2.1. Failure process 234
12.2.2. Perception of risk of failure and perception bias 235
12.3. Research methodology 237
12.3.1. Data from Observatoire “Prisma” (Prisma Observatory) 237
12.3.2. Measurements of real and perceived risk 238
12.3.3. Analysis variables 238
12.4. Findings and discussion 239
12.4.1. The existence of gaps between perceived and real risk 239
12.4.2. Groups characterization 240
12.4.3. Discussion 241
12.5. Conclusion and managerial implications 244
12.6. Appendix: List of selected variables 245
12.7. Bibliography 247
Conclusion 251
Alain Charles MARTINET
List of Authors 265
Index 269
